References
Heymsfield SB, Wadden TA. Mechanisms, pathophysiology, and management of obesity. N Engl J Med 2017;376:254-66. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra1514009
Bray GA, Heisel WE, Afshin A, et al. The science of obesity management: an endocrine society scientific statement. Endocr Rev 2018;39:79-132. https://doi.org/10.1210/er.2017-00253
Wing RR, Hill JO. Successful weight loss maintenance. Annu Rev Nutr 2001;21:323-41. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.nutr.21.1.323
Weiss EC, Galuska DA, Kettel Khan L, Gillespie C, Serdula MK. Weight regain in U.S. adults who experienced substantial weight loss, 1999-2002. Am J Prev Med 2007;33:34-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2007.02.040
Berger SE, Huggins GS, McCaffery JM, Lichtenstein AH. Comparison among criteria to define successful weight-loss maintainers and regainers in the Action for Health in Diabetes (Look AHEAD) and Diabetes Prevention Program trials. Am J Clin Nutr 2017;106:1337-46. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.117.157446
Ryan DH, Espeland MA, Foster GD, et al.; Look AHEAD Research Group. Look AHEAD (Action for Health in Diabetes): design and methods for a clinical trial of weight loss for the prevention of cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes. Control Clin Trials 2003;24:610-28. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0197-2456(03)00064-3
Knowler WC, Barrett-Connor E, Fowler SE, et al.; Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group. Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin. N Engl J Med 2002;346:393-403. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa012512
Anderson JW, Konz EC, Frederich RC, Wood CL. Long-term weight-loss maintenance: a meta-analysis of US studies. Am J Clin Nutr 2001;74:579-84. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/74.5.579
Franz MJ, VanWormer JJ, Crain AL, et al. Weight-loss outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of weight-loss clinical trials with a minimum 1-year follow-up. J Am Diet Assoc 2007;107:1755-67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jada.2007.07.017
Look AHEAD Research Group. Eight-year weight losses with an intensive lifestyle intervention: the look AHEAD study. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2014;22:5-13. https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.20662
Jensen MD, Ryan DH, Apovian CM, et al. 2013 AHA/ACC/TOS guideline for the management of overweight and obesity in adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and The Obesity Society. J Am Coll Cardiol 2014;63(25 Pt B):2985-3023. Erratum in: J Am Coll Cardiol 2014;63(25 Pt B):3029-30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2014.03.004
Samaha FF, Iqbal N, Seshadri P, et al. A low-carbohydrate as compared with a low-fat diet in severe obesity. N Engl J Med 2003;348:2074-81. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa022637
Foster GD, Wyatt HR, Hill JO, et al. Weight and metabolic outcomes after 2 years on a low-carbohydrate versus low-fat diet: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med 2010;153:147-57. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-153-3-201008030-00005
Santesso N, Akl EA, Bianchi M, et al. Effects of higher- versus lower-protein diets on health outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Clin Nutr 2012;66:780-8. https://doi.org/10.1038/ejcn.2012.37
Liu D, Huang Y, Huang C, et al. Calorie restriction with or without time-restricted eating in weight loss. N Engl J Med 2022;386:1495-504. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2114833
Rhee EJ. Current status of obesity treatment in Korea: based on the 2020 Korean Society for the Study of Obesity guidelines for obesity management. J Korean Med Assoc 2022;65:388-92. https://doi.org/10.5124/jkma.2022.65.7.388
American Diabetes Association. 8. Obesity management for the treatment of type 2 diabetes: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2019. Diabetes Care 2019;42(Suppl 1):S81-9. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc19-S008
Lv N, Azar KMJ, Rosas LG, Wulfovich S, Xiao L, Ma J. Behavioral lifestyle interventions for moderate and severe obesity: a systematic review. Prev Med 2017;100:180-93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2017.04.022
Thomas JG, Bond DS, Phelan S, Hill JO, Wing RR. Weight-loss maintenance for 10 years in the National Weight Control Registry. Am J Prev Med 2014;46:17-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2013.08.019