Abstract

Purpose: As digital transformation reshapes global manufacturing, understanding how digital supply chain practices drive firm performance is critical. This study investigates the influence of supply chain digitalization, supply chain agility, innovation capability, digital transformation, and smart technologies on firm performance within Thailand’s manufacturing sector. Research design, data, and methodology: A structured questionnaire was distributed to 415 mid-to-senior managers in supply chain, operations, innovation, and digital transformation roles using purposive, convenience, and snowball sampling techniques. Respondents were primarily from medium to large enterprises. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) were employed to test six hypothesized relationships among digitalization, agility, innovation, smart technologies, and firm performance. Results: Findings reveal that supply chain digitalization significantly impacts both supply chain agility (β=0.217, p<0.05) and innovation capability (β=0.643, p<0.05). Digital transformation positively affects smart technologies (β=0.516, p<0.05). In turn, agility (β=0.137), innovation capability (β=0.454), and smart technologies (β=0.494) significantly enhance firm performance. Conclusions: This study confirms the strategic role of digital transformation and innovation in boosting firm performance. The results offer practical insights for manufacturing leaders and policymakers aiming to leverage digital supply chain capabilities for sustained competitive advantage in Thailand’s industrial landscape.