Abstract

This study analyzes South Koreans’ perceptions of North Korean defectors (NKDs) from three points: positive, othering, and neoliberal. The positive perspective accentuates a shared ethnic identity, fostering inclusive attitudes toward NKDs as fellow citizens. Conversely, the othering perspective, rooted in South Korean superiority, associates NKDs with an inferior North Korea, often framing them as pitiable or criminal. This perception, linked to the view that welfare and educational support for NKDs constitutes reverse discrimination, fuels negative attitudes. A neoliberal perspective often portrays defectors as competitors within a capitalist society, leading to expressions of discontent among South Koreans regarding the perceived privileges afforded to them. This sentiment suggests a broader tendency to prioritize support for South Koreans. This study implicates that fostering a spirit of hospitality towards NKDs can serve as a catalyst for strengthening social integration.