Recently in korea, dating violence has become rate of incidence is rising and the a big problem in the society. The purpose of conducting this study is to investigate what the female victims of dating violence experience from the onset of the assault to the termination of the relationship. The subjects of this study were seven female college students aged 19 and over who had been victimized by dating violence within die last three years, and die individual in-depth interviews were conducted on them. The main research questions were, "What are die experience processes of the female victims of daring violence?" and "What are the main driving factors in the experience process?" As a result of analyzing the in-depth interview data by grounded theory approach, 95 concepts and 43 subcategories were derived from open-coding, and 17 categories were derived as a final result. The central phenomenon experienced by women suffering from dating violence appeared to be 'trapped in a snare of violence'. They were found to go through the process of breaking up with the perpetrator, trial, tightrope, recovery, and the growth phase. In addition, negative perceptions of parental relationships, confinement due to psychological and economic dependence, and perceived relationships with perpetrators as beloved experiences were risk factors in experiencing violence. Internalizing the cause of violence, self - harm and attempting suicide seemed to be obstacles to disconnection from the perpetrator, but the confrontation with the reality and the help of the external support system helped. This study suggests the implications for victims' intervention by looking at the process of dating violence experience.
Present study explored gender differences on job burnout among 441 South Korean employees. According to job demands-resources model, job characteristics were divided into two categories as job demands(workload, role conflict, emotional demands) and job resources(autonomy, social support, opportunities to learn). Demographic variables were also included in regression analyses to test influences on burnout among predictors. Results show that male employees reported rather higher levels of job demands and resources than female employees, and the levels of emotional demands and overall job demands were significantly different. Male and female employees showed no significant differences on burnout levels. This supports the earlier finding of Maslach & Jackson(1985) that gender itself is not a strong predictor of employee burnout. Regression analyses indicated that the importance of predictors on three burnout constructs was different between male and female employees. Based on the results, implications, limitations, and suggestions for further researches were discussed.
This study was to recognize the influences of psychological violence experience by husbands on their wives' psychological symptoms and to verify the effects of cognitive variables which mediates that process. We assumed that psychological violence without physical violence could influence on psychological symptoms and wife's cognitive variables (e.g, dysfunctional attitude, positive & negative automatic thoughts) would mediate that process. To verify these hypotheses, structural equating method was administered. As the results, cognitive variables appeared to play a mediating role in the theoretical model which was proved statistically meaningful. The most valuable implication of this study is that the cognitive model could be applied to the influence of psychological violence. Especially, negative automatic thought did crucial role in the whole process. So, even though these restricted research findings, cognitive variables should be considered for the improvement of psychological difficulties of female victims. Finally, limitations of the study and the directions for future research were discussed.
Multiculturalsim becomes the salient issue in Korea. The purpose of this study was to analyze the various factors influencing the depression and anxiety among foreign wives through marriage migration. The survey had been carried out for 184 foreign wives. these wives were those who came from China, Vietnam, Phillippines, Mongolia, Japan. The total amount of depression was 2.6%, and anxiety was 3.3%. The potential predictive variables were the followings; age, length of stay, race/ethnicity, difference in husband age, satisfaction with husband, perceived social support and acculturative stress. The significant influencing factors on depression were satisfaction with husband and acculturative atress. The more they were satisfied about their husband the less they were depressed. The more they had acculturative stress the more they were depressed. The significant influencing factors on anxiety were satisfaction with husband, acculturative stress. race/ethnicity, and length of stay. The more they were satisfied about husband, the lower their anxiety level was. The more they got acculturative stress, the higher their anxiety level was. The results showed that foriegn wives had not significant difference with depression and anxiety among residence religion, occupation, family income. however there was significant difference with anxiety among ethnic. Phillippines wives had higher anxiety level than Vietnam, Mongolia, and Japan wives.
In order to explore the 'meaning of work as a woman', this study has analyzed 238 women's self-examining report from Seoul's both co-ed and women's university by using CQR-M. As a FUS(female university student) analyzing the meaning of oneself as a woman, I have broken down the results into 4 areas. First area indicates the barriers that career-pursuing FUSs face. The internal barriers related to their career as a woman is recognized as four sub-categories; general denial of femininity, the difficulty of non-traditional career choices, the burden of multiple roles and low self-efficacy for oneself. The external barriers are also recognized into several. Such as, still-existing son preferences, generalized gender inequality in co-ed university, institutionalized gender inequality outside of school, gender specified jobs with veiled stability, etc. Second area is significant others the FUSs are shown as father, mother, and others. Under the category of father, it is divided into supportive and optimistic father or pessimistic and forcing father. Under the category of mother, it is divided into three; out-going yet busy working mothers, devoted yet depressed mothers, and the mothers with overcoming career discontinuity. The others that give influence includes certain employees, and female family members other than mother, relationships with partners, friends, and role models. Third area is the experience of FUSs, which falls into two sub-categories: work-related, and non-work related. The work related experiences is again subdivided into the following situations, situations that required to follow the organizational structure and its rules, handling complex relationships, taking under consideration of one self's interest, and realization of the reality after hard labor. Non-work related experiences FUSs have had are subdivided into three, which are as follows. Interest and curiosity to different worlds and expansion of perception, discoveries of hidden talents, overcoming personal crisis and following maturity after the crisis. Last area is the desiring female's role in the future has divided into three, which are family-oriented motherly female, work-oriented independent female, and female who seeks the combination of both work and family despite the difficulties. The choices that one would make for better building of one self's career included differentiated effort for self-development, specific research on desiring jobs, job opportunities that are not related to the current major. This analysis suggests diverse career issues concerning FUSs can be utilized for their career counseling.
In order to explore the ‘meaning of work as a woman’, this study has analyzed 238 women’s self-examining report from Seoul’s both co-ed and women's university by using CQR-M. As a FUS(female university student) analyzing the meaning of oneself as a woman, I have broken down the results into 4 areas. First area indicates the barriers that career-pursuing FUSs face. The internal barriers related to their career as a woman is recognized as four sub-categories; general denial of femininity, the difficulty of non-traditional career choices, the burden of multiple roles and low self-efficacy for oneself. The external barriers are also recognized into several. Such as, still-existing son preferences, generalized gender inequality in co-ed university, institutionalized gender inequality outside of school, gender specified jobs with veiled stability, etc. Second area is significant others the FUSs are shown as father, mother, and others. Under the category of father, it is divided into supportive and optimistic father or pessimistic and forcing father. Under the category of mother, it is divided into three; out-going yet busy working mothers, devoted yet depressed mothers, and the mothers with overcoming career discontinuity. The others that give influence includes certain employees, and female family members other than mother, relationships with partners, friends, and role models. Third area is the experience of FUSs, which falls into two sub-categories: work-related, and non-work related. The work related experiences is again subdivided into the following situations, situations that required to follow the organizational structure and its rules, handling complex relationships, taking under consideration of one self’s interest, and realization of the reality after hard labor. Non-work related experiences FUSs have had are subdivided into three, which are as follows. Interest and curiosity to different worlds and expansion of perception, discoveries of hidden talents, overcoming personal crisis and following maturity after the crisis. Last area is the desiring female’s role in the future has divided into three, which are family-oriented motherly female, work-oriented independent female, and female who seeks the combination of both work and family despite the difficulties. The choices that one would make for better building of one self’s career included differentiated effort for self-development, specific research on desiring jobs, job opportunities that are not related to the current major. This analysis suggests diverse career issues concerning FUSs can be utilized for their career counseling.
This study, using the concept mapping method, analyzed the results of in-depth interview with adolescent single mothers (N = 8). As a result, 51 items for Anxiety factors and 37 items for Needs factors were extracted. Multidimensional Analysis (MDS) and a two-step Hierarchical Cluster analysis were used to identify underlying dimensions and clusters. For the risk factor, five clusters (‘emotional burdens of child-rearing;’ ‘financial burdens of child-rearing;’ ‘fear and concerns about future life;’ ‘concerns about future romantic relationships;’ and ‘concerns about stereotypes’) were distributed on: (a) x-axis for ‘emotional and instrumental factors’ and (b) y-axis for ‘being a woman as a person and as a mother.’ Protective factors regarding the independence of adolescent single mothers consisted of three clusters (‘desire for perceived well-being;’ ‘desire for instrumental and educational supports;’ and ‘desire for social support’) were distributed on: (a) x-axis was for ‘internal and external factors,’ and (b) y-axis was for ‘instrumental and human resources.’ Implications of the current study include: (a) exploring the concept structure of the risk and protective factors of Korean adolescent single mothers who are about to leave the rehabilitative institutions and (b) identifying their unique and lively experiences through the in-depth interview. The study is meaningful in that it explored the risk and protective factors of adolescent single mothers particularly from their own perspectives before leaving the facility.
This study aimed to explore how North Korean female defectors experience and perceive interpersonal relationships in the workplace by employing the Photovoice methodology. Through the process of capturing photographs and narrating their lived experiences, participants were able to express the emotions and meanings embedded in their interpersonal experiences in a visual and narrative form. Four North Korean female defectors residing and working in the Seoul metropolitan area participated in the study. Data were collected through a Photovoice orientation session and in-depth interviews. The analysis yielded three major themes—(1) workplace relationships as a source of adaptation and growth, (2) barriers to forming relationships, and (3) facilitators of relationship building—along with six subthemes and 25 meaning units. The findings revealed the following: First, emotionally supportive relationships in the workplace served as a channel for cultural adaptation and promoted a stable settlement in South Korean society. Second, barriers to forming workplace relationships included prejudice, discrimination, uncomfortable attention, and difficulties with modern technologies, all of which intensified psychological withdrawal and feelings of isolation. Third, efforts to actively engage with others and voluntary attitudes played a key role in forming workplace relationships and enhancing job satisfaction and adjustment. Based on these findings, the study offers suggestions for counseling and policy interventions to support the social integration and healthy interpersonal development of North Korean female defectors, and provides directions for future research.
Postpartum depression can be a cause of serious social problems, beyond the psychological health of an individual or a family. However, it is often neglected because there is not enough social interest on the issue and people are not aware of the need for therapeutic intervention for the symptom. The objective of this study was to develop a program regarding how to psychologically support a spouse suffering from postpartum depression through husbands. This study evaluated the psychosocial experience of mothers, who were between six and eight months after childbirth and had a postpartum depression tendency, by using a qualitative method and identified the characteristics of them by comparing them with the control group. The subjects of this study were participants in Childhood Asthma and Allergic Diseases Cohort Study (COCOA), an on-going study in the Obstetrics and Gynecology of five general hospitals. The treatment group was composed of eight husbands, whose wives had EPDS over 13 points (mean=16.5 and SD=2.7), and the control group had six husbands, whose wives had 4 points and less (mean=1.8 and SD=0.8). Based on the analysis results of qualitative interview data, an integrated analysis was conducted with focusing on the theme, domain, and semantic category. First, the results of this study showed that the growth background of husbands was a factor determining how a husband responded to the stress of a wife sensitively. Secondly, the husbands of mothers with postpartum depression tendency tended to feel burdened more to support the family financially and be a good father because of the ill-prepared pregnancy and childbirth. However, they worried about the health of their children and wanted to nurture them well. Moreover, they wanted to spend more time together. They pointed out the reality that they had to emphasize their jobs and they believed that their wives’ postpartum depression would be improved if they helped their wives and reared children together. Additionally, they wanted to receive parenting coaching, education, and couples counseling, which indicated that they were looking for professional help to improve the postpartum depression.
