This study examined whether gender role attitudes moderate the relationship between parenting attitudes and parenting efficacy among couples raising children under the age of six. To account for the interdependence between spouses, the Actor–Partner Interdependence Moderation Model (APIMoM) was employed. A total of 219 couples with children under the age of six participated in an online survey that included measures of gender role attitudes, parenting efficacy, and parenting attitudes. The findings of this study are summarized as follows. First, actor effects were significant for both husbands and wives in the relationship between parenting attitudes and parenting efficacy. Second, regarding partner effects, wives’ parenting attitudes negatively influenced their husbands’ parenting efficacy. Third, when comparing the effects of one’s own and partner’s parenting attitudes on parenting efficacy, actor effects were stronger than partner effects for both husbands and wives. Fourth, husbands’ gender role attitudes significantly moderated the relationship between wives’ parenting attitudes and husbands’ parenting efficacy. These findings suggest that one’s own parenting attitudes play a more significant role in shaping parenting efficacy than those of one’s partner. The results also demonstrate that husbands’ gender role attitudes can influence the dynamics between parenting attitudes and parenting efficacy within the couple.
