Abstract

The purposes of this study were to classify procrastination clusters according to active-passive procrastination and procrastination metacognition and to compare differences in problem-solving ability, attribution style, and mental health, defined in terms of life satisfaction, positive emotion and negative emotion, and self-esteem, among procrastination clusters. Data was collected from 230 college students. Cluster analysis showed the existence of diligent task-oriented group, thoughtless passive procrastination group, planned active procrastination group, and ambivalent passive procrastination group. Multivariate variance analysis showed that there were differences between clusters in problem-solving ability, failure attribution style, positive and negative emotions, and self-esteem. Based on these results, implications and suggestions for future research were discussed.