본 연구에서는 한국판 CBCL(K-CBCL)의 공격행동척도를 요인분석하여, K-CBCL에서 측정한 공격행동의 하위유형을 검증하였다. 자료는 K-CBCL의 개정판을 위한 규준집단(남아 1,353명, 여아 1,263명)을 사용하였다. 탐색적 요인분석 결과, 2요인 모형이 적합한 것으로 검증되었고, 확인적 요인분석 결과는 K-CBCL 뿐만 아니라 K-YSR에서도 공격행동의 2요인 구조가 적절하게 적용될 수 있음을 보여주었다. 요인분석을 토대로, 요인1은 ‘반항적 공격성’으로 요인2는 ‘직접적 공격성’으로 명명되었다. K-CBCL 공격행동척도의 두 가지 하위유형을 연령과 성별에 따라 비교한 결과, 하위유형별로 구분되는 특성을 보였다. 모든 연령집단에서 직접적 공격성은 남학생이 여학생에 비해 높았고, 반항적 공격성은 여학생이 유의하게 높았다. 그리고 반항적 공격성은 초등학교 저학년부터 증가하여 초등학교 고학년 시기에 가장 높이 상승한 뒤, 중학교, 고등학교를 거치며 줄어들었다. 반면 직접적 공격성은 초등학교 저학년 시기에 가장 높고 초등학교 고학년 시기까지 비슷한 수준으로 유지되다가 중고등학교 시기에 줄어드는 양상을 보였다. 한편 K-CBCL 공격행동 하위유형과 K-CBCL 문제행동척도 간의 상관관계에서도, 경미한 수준이지만 직접적 공격성은 규칙위반 같은 외현화된 문제와 상관이 더 높고 반항적 공격성은 내재화된 문제와의 상관이 높아서 두 공격행동이 서로 다른 기제를 가지고 있음이 시사되었다.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the subtypes of aggression based on the factor analysis of Korean version of the Child Behavior Checklist 6-18 aggressive syndrome scale. Participants were the normative sample for the K-CBCL 6-18 revised version (1,353 boys and 1,263 girls) and the K-YSR 6-18 revised version(850 boys, 779 girls). Exploratory factor analyses produced a 2-factor solution on 14 of the K-CBCL's original aggressive behavior subscale 18 items. Factor 1 was "Oppositional Aggression", factor 2 was "Direct Aggression". In addition, we confirmed the fitness of 2-factor structure according to a confirmatory factor analysis using structural equation modeling, which indicated that 2-factor structures exist for both the K-CBCL and K-YSR. When the differences in mean of each subtype of aggression for different age and gender groups were explored, the results varied according to age and gender. In the case of girl groups, oppositional aggression was significantly higher than direct aggression. However, in the case of boy groups, direct aggression was significantly higher than oppositional aggression. Oppositional aggression escalated between the lower grades and the higher grades of elementary school, decreased with age. On the other hand, direct aggression showed the highest scores among the lower grades of elementary school, and declined over time. Moreover, correlation analysis revealed that oppositional aggression showed higher correlations with internalizing problems while direct aggression showed higher correlations with rule breaking behavior(externalizing problem), and this provided good evidence that 2-subtypes of aggression model is valid.
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