Occurrence and risk assessment of phenol and substituted phenols in water and fish collected from the streams in eastern Gangwon State, Korea

Park Sunyoung; ParkSunyoung; Choi Jaeseok; ChoiJaeseok; Lee Jaeyong; LeeJaeyong; Kim Hekap; KimHekap

doi:10.5806/ast.2023.36.5.224

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P-ISSN1225-0163
E-ISSN2288-8985
SCOPUS, ESCI, KCI

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P-ISSN 1225-0163
E-ISSN 2288-8985

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Vol.36, No.5

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Occurrence and risk assessment of phenol and substituted phenols in water and fish collected from the streams in eastern Gangwon State, Korea

Analytical Science and Technology / Analytical Science and Technology, (P)1225-0163; (E)2288-8985

2023, v.36 no.5, pp.224-235

https://doi.org/10.5806/ast.2023.36.5.224

Sunyoung Park (Department of Environmental Science, Kangwon National University)
Jaeseok Choi (Institute of Environmental Research, Kangwon National University)
Jaeyong Lee (Nature & Human Co., Ltd.)
Hekap Kim (School of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University)

Park, S., Choi, J., Lee, J., & Kim, H. (2023). Occurrence and risk assessment of phenol and substituted phenols in water and fish collected from the streams in eastern Gangwon State, Korea. , 36(5), 224-235, https://doi.org/10.5806/ast.2023.36.5.224

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Abstract

An analytical method was developed for the determination of phenol (P) and the seven substituted phenols in water samples and fish tissue samples collected from three streams located in eastern Gangwon State in spring and summer. The phenols were extracted and then derivatized to phenyl acetates using acetic anhydride. The derivatives were subsequently identified and quantified using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. P and 4-nitrophenol (4NP) were found at relatively high levels in water, ranging from below the method detection limit (MDL) to 3.32 ㎍/L and from < MDL to 4.91 ㎍/L, respectively. P and 4NP were also the dominant compounds in the fish tissue, ranging from < MDL to 407 ㎍/kg and from < MDL to 870 ㎍/kg, respectively. Phenol concentrations were significantly higher in spring than in summer. The ecological risk quotient calculated for P was higher than 4NP but not high enough to pose any risk of adverse effects to fish health.