Abstract

Purpose: This investigation systematically implements Lean Manufacturing principles to substantially improve operational efficiency, optimize internal logistics, and reduce waste within community rice mills located in Kalasin Province, Thailand. These vital rural milling facilities frequently face inefficiencies caused by outdated processes and insufficient material flow. Research design, data, and methodology: A mixed-methods approach was employed, comprising surveys of 125 mills, in-depth interviews, and participatory action research (PAR). Lean tools, including 5S, Value Stream Mapping, and ECRS, were systematically implemented to optimize the milling process and enhance internal logistics. Results: The enhanced process resulted in a 22.73% reduction in processing time, a 10–15% drop in operational costs, and a lower broken rice rate from 10–12% to 7–8%. Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) significantly increased from 59.94% to 80.47%, reflecting better machine availability, performance, and product quality. Implications: The findings demonstrate the effectiveness of participatory Lean implementation in boosting efficiency and internal logistics, which fosters socio-technical resilience in rural agro-industries. This study provides a replicable model that integrates technical efficiency with community knowledge for sustainable development. Originality/value: This research contributes to the literature on Lean Manufacturing in agriculture by offering a scalable framework to improve internal logistics and support grassroots development.