Abstract

Purpose: This study analyses the impact of various export types on Gross National Income (GNI) among 15 OECD and OPEC countries, aiming to identify the most influential export categories on national income. Understanding the relationship between exports and GNI is crucial for policymakers to develop effective strategies for sustainable economic growth. Research design, data and methodology: The research uses secondary data from the World Bank (2013-2022) and employs a panel data analysis approach with a quantitative descriptive design. The variables analyzed include goods exports, high-tech exports, service exports, ICT services exports, and GNI. This approach enables the study to capture the complex relationships between exports and national income. Results: The findings reveal that goods and services exports have a statistically significant negative effect on GNI, the findings reveal that goods and services exports have a statistically significant negative effect on GNI. In contrast, high-tech and ICT exports show a statistically significant relationship with GNI but with limited contribution due to their small representation within total exports. Conclusion: The study urges policymakers to reassess export strategies, balancing traditional sectors with high-tech and ICT development. Understanding export-income dynamics enables targeted approaches that optimize national income, support sustainable growth, and foster effective economic development strategies.