Abstract

Purpose: Port competition has received increasing academic attention over the past four decades, especially regarding connectivity and competitiveness. Although numerous studies have examined the impact of port connectivity, the underlying mechanisms through which both hinterland and maritime connectivity affect port competitiveness remain insufficiently explored. This study develops and tests a model to evaluate the influence of port connectivity on port competitiveness in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC). Research Design, Data, and Methodology: This study employs a mixed-methods approach, integrating both qualitative and quantitative research methodologies in a flexible and complementary manner. Data were collected through a non-probability snowball sampling technique, involving 370 respondents. A 5-point Likert scale was used, and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was employed to validate the proposed hypotheses. Results: Results reveal five key factors affecting connectivity: Locational advantage, seaport service quality, Information technology integration, Port infrastructure quality, and port authorities. Both hinterland and maritime connectivity were found to play significant roles in enhancing port competitiveness. Conclusion: The findings provide practical implications for port managers and policymakers, while also contributing to the academic literature by offering a clearer understanding of port connectivity’s role in emerging markets like Ho Chi Minh City, particularly in the context of sustainable development.