- ENGLISH
- P-ISSN2287-8327
- E-ISSN2288-1220
- SCOPUS, KCI
ISSN : 2287-8327
49권 2호
초록
Abstract
Background: This study examines the spatiotemporal variability of soil physicochemical properties along an altitudinal gradient and soil depth in natural Oak (Quercus griffithii Hook. f. & Thomson ex Miq.)-dominated forest stands in western Arunachal Pradesh. Soil samples were collected from five sites at varying elevations (1,693–1,801 m) across three seasons (winter, summer, and rainy) and three depth intervals (0–10 cm, 10–20 cm, and 20–30 cm). Key soil properties, including bulk density (BD), porosity, water-holding capacity (WHC), soil moisture content (SMC), pH, soil organic carbon (SOC), and nutrient availability (nitrogen [N], phosphorus [P], and potassium [K]), were analyzed. Results: Soil properties exhibited significant (p < 0.05) variation with altitude, season, and depth. BD increased with decreasing altitude and depth, with the lowest elevation site (1,693 m) exhibiting the highest BD (1.30 g cm–3) in deeper soil layers. Conversely, porosity, WHC, and SOC were highest at higher elevations and in the surface soil (0–10 cm), likely due to reduced decomposition rates, greater organic matter accumulation, and improved aeration. SMC was higher at lower elevations and in surface layers, reflecting enhanced moisture retention. Soil pH varied significantly with altitude and depth, with more acidic conditions observed at higher elevations and in surface layers, possibly due to increased organic matter decomposition. Nutrient availability, particularly N and P, was strongly correlated with SOC and pH, with higher concentrations in surface soil at higher elevations. Seasonal variations indicated that SOC and nutrient levels were highest during the rainy season, reflecting increased biological activity. Correlation analysis revealed strong negative relationships between BD and porosity (r = –0.998) and positive correlations between SOC, SMC (r = 0.760), and available N (r = 0.671). Conclusions: These findings underscore the significant influence of altitude, soil depth, and seasonal dynamics on soil properties, offering valuable insights for sustainable forest management and soil conservation strategies in western Arunachal Pradesh. Given the potential impacts of climate change on forest ecosystems, understanding these soil-environment interactions is critical for maintaining soil health and ecosystem stability.
초록
Abstract
Background: Lepidopteran caterpillars attack maize plants, and the main control methods involve the application of phytosanitary products, which is disadvantageous from an ecological point of view. With a view to finding alternative control mechanisms, the present study surveys parasitoid and predatory wasp species in maize (AG1051) intercropped with beans in southwestern Bahia, Brazil. The survey of parasitoids involved the use of Moericke traps. Relevant families (Braconidae, Ichneumonidae, Scelionidae, and Eulophidae) for the biological control of maize and bean pests were identified to subfamily, genus, or species level. For predatory wasps, the survey involved the use of trap nests and, once nesting, emerging wasps were identified to genus level. The following were determined: faunistic indices, relative frequency, constancy, Shannon diversity (H’) and evenness (J’) indices. Results: The results highlighted parasitoids of the genera Telenemus and Gryon (Scelionidae), Opius and Chelonus (Braconidae), Aprostocetus and Horismenus (Eulophidae), Anomalon (Ichneumonidae), and the subfamily Cryptinae (Ichneumonidae), as well as predatory wasps of the genera Isodontia, Monobia, and Pachodynerus. Conclusions: Parasitoids occurring in maize intercropped with beans in Vitória da Conquista, Brazil, are relevant for the biological control of maize and bean pests.
초록
Abstract
Background: Climate change, primarily driven by rising atmospheric CO2 and temperatures, affects plant phenology, a key indicator of ecosystem response. Phenological shifts in dominant forest species such as oaks can alter carbon assimilation, community dynamics, and forest resilience. However, experimental studies in Korea on multiple native Quercus species under climate manipulation are limited. Results: Using a multi-year greenhouse experiment, we quantified the phenological responses of six native deciduous oak species (Quercus aliena, Quercus serrata, Quercus variabilis, Quercus acutissima, Quercus mongolica, and Quercus dentata) under elevated CO2 (750–800 ppm) and temperature (+2°C). All species exhibited earlier budburst and leaf unfolding, with an average advancement of 12–20 days. Autumn leaf coloration and abscission were generally delayed, leading to a mean growing season extension of 20.3 days. The responsiveness varied across species; Q. mongolica, Q. serrata, and Q. variabilis were most sensitive, whereas Q. dentata showed inconsistent or reversed trends. Regression analysis revealed that accumulated temperature significantly predicted phenological timing in the control group, but correlations weakened or disappeared under treatment conditions, indicating saturation effects. Conclusions: Elevated CO2 and temperature extend the growing season in temperate oaks, but species-specific thresholds and saturation responses complicate phenological prediction. These findings emphasize the need for adaptive, non-linear modeling and species- targeted strategies in forest management under climate change.