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E-ISSN : 2733-4538
This study investigated the influence of sleep quality on daily affect and affective instability, emphasizing the moderating role of hypomanic personality. Forty-two adults (≥19 years old), 21 with elevated hypomanic personality traits and 21 controls, participated in a 14-day ecological momentary assessment study. The participants completed affect assessments four times daily, and sleep indices, including sleep onset latency, total sleep time, wake after sleep onset, and sleep efficiency, were re- corded using Mi Band 5 actigraphy. Compared with controls, the hypomanic personality group exhibited longer sleep onset latency and wake after sleep onset, shorter total sleep time, and lower sleep efficiency. They also reported higher levels of posi- tive and negative affect and affective instability. Multilevel analyses revealed that hypomanic personality moderated the sleep– affect relationship: poor sleep quality predicted lower positive affect, higher negative affect, and greater affective instability, with significantly stronger effects in the hypomanic group. These findings suggest that poor sleep is a vulnerability factor for affective instability, particularly in individuals with elevated hypomanic traits. These results underscore the importance of sleep in understanding the affective processes relevant to bipolar spectrum risk and provide implications for preventive clini- cal interventions targeting sleep in high-risk populations.
Health anxiety has received relatively less empirical attention than other anxiety domains. However, identifying the psycho- logical factors that contribute to its development and maintenance is essential, considering its relatively high prevalence in the general population. This study examined the distinct mediating effects of the three dimensions of health locus of control (HLC), internal (IHLC), powerful others (PHLC), and chance (CHLC) in the relationship between intolerance of uncertainty (IU) and health anxiety. A total of 180 Korean adults completed self-report measures assessing IU, HLC, and health anxiety. Parallel mediation analyses using bootstrapping showed that IU significantly predicted health anxiety. Only PHLC mediated this relationship, whereas neither IHLC nor CHLC showed a significant mediating effect. These findings suggest that indi- viduals who attribute their health outcomes to powerful others may experience greater anxiety when faced with uncertainty while those who endorse internal or chance control beliefs tend to exhibit more protective or mixed response patterns. These results highlight the importance of distinguishing each dimension of HLC when explaining individual differences in health- related anxiety and suggest that cultural context should be considered when interpreting the contributions of these dimen- sions in future research.
This study explored the effects of detached mindfulness (DM) and the attention training technique (ATT) on cognitive fac- tors and anxiety symptoms in individuals with social anxiety. Participants (n =61) were randomly assigned to the DM (n =21), ATT (n =20), or control (n =20) group and received brief interventions for four days. On the fifth day, all partici- pants completed a speech task. Multilevel linear modeling was used to examine whether the interventions produced change over the five-day period, followed by multiple mediation analyses using slopes derived from the multilevel models. The re- sults indicated that both the DM and ATT groups significantly increased decentering and decreased self-focused attention (SFA) across the five days, with DM showing steeper slopes than the ATT for both variables. In contrast, anxiety symptoms decreased to a greater extent in the ATT group. Mediation analyses indicated that DM was associated with lower social anxi- ety only through decentering, whereas ATT was associated with lower social anxiety through both decentering and SFA, se- quentially. These findings suggest that although DM and the ATT share decentering as a common mechanism, they may dif- ferentially influence cognitive and affective pathways in reducing social anxiety.
Emotion dysregulation (ED) is closely associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, its role in the relationship between ADHD symptoms and functional impairment remains unclear. This study examined whether ED functions as either mediator, moderator, or both in the association between ADHD symptoms and functional impairment (i.e., psychological maladjustment, interpersonal problems, and academic performance), in college students. Data were col- lected from 300 college students (218 female, 82 male) and analyzed using structural equation modeling. ED partially medi- ated the relationships between ADHD symptoms and psychological maladjustment and interpersonal problems; however, no significant mediating effect was observed for academic performance. Moderation analyses showed that ED moderated the relationship between ADHD symptoms and psychological maladjustment, such that the association weakened as ED increased. No significant moderating effects were found for interpersonal problems or academic performance. These findings highlight the multifaceted role of ED in the link between ADHD symptoms and functional impairment, particularly its importance in psychological maladjustment.
This study examined how the quality of the relationship with the deceased, caregivers’ grief facilitation behaviors, self com- passion, and meaning reconstruction influence posttraumatic growth (PTG) in emerging adults. Furthermore, it investigated whether caregivers’ grief facilitation behaviors moderate this relationship. An online survey was conducted with young adults aged 19–29 years who experienced the loss of a parent. Data from 137 participants were analyzed. The results showed that, first, self-compassion and meaning reconstruction fully mediated the relationship between the quality of the relationship with the deceased and PTG. Second, caregivers’ grief facilitation behaviors significantly moderated the relationship between meaning reconstruction and PTG. These findings suggest that clinical interventions aimed at enhancing self compassion, meaning reconstruction, and caregivers’ grief facilitating behaviors are effective and essential for adaptation following be- reavement.
