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Since the mid 17th century, the Chinese cabinet system of Ming and Ch’ing dynasty was known in the West through the various books and reports, and was accepted with cheers especially by the great statesman Sir William Temple, 1st Baronet(1628‒1699), coming to be applied to the Britain politics. Temple regarded the Chinese Empire as a ‘existing utopia’ which overcame all sorts of imaginary utopian state design ever described by European philosophers, and worshipped Confucius and his philosophy. He well knew and admired the Chinese cabinet system, too. Temple 1678 acceded to the help call of Charles II who was politically driven into the predicament due to the severe defeat in the struggle with the parliament, and 1679 designed and realized a ‘New Privy Council’ plan by applying the Chinese cabinet system to the English Privy Council, in order to rescue the king out of the present political dilemma. By the application of the idea of Chinese cabinet system Temple could accomplish a ‘mission impossible’ to compromise the obstinacy of Charles II who espoused the divine theory of kingship and stuck to the absolute monarchy, and the defiant power claim of the parliament which for once waited for limiting and checking the royal power. Because he found a solution in the cabinet system of Ming and Ch’ing dynasty. This Chinese cabinet system reserved the power of deliberative decision to itself and hereby limited emperor’s absolute power to a passive and formal power of ratification, without desecrating in the least the sacred rhetoric of ‘divine or heavenly’ kingship of a absolute monarch, as fully discussed. On April 20, 1679, Charles II announced ‘A Declaration relating to the Establishment of the New Privy Council.’ In this Declaration he promised to abolish the existing 50‒membered Privy Council, to build a 33‒membered New Privy Council which includes also most important parliamentary leaders, from now on to issue all decrees always after taking the advise of the New Privy Council, and not to use such a clandestine groups of close people as a ‘Foreign Committee’ in the past. And he reduced the personnel size of the Privy Council from 50 to 33. He took follow‒up measures to convene the New Privy Council and to set up such four committees as the ‘Information Committee’ etc.. He managed this 9‒member ‘Information Committee’ including Lord President & leading parliamentary member Anthony 1st Earl of Shaftesbury(1621‒1688) as standing committee over which King presided. This ‘Information Committee’ took nearly same structure and function and played similar role with the cabinet system of Ming and Ch’ing Dynasty. With this governmental reform Charles II was regenerated into ‘The King in Council’, which constitutes the start idea of the monarchy limited by the cabinet system. The prototype cabinet system of well hidden Chinese origin, designed by Temple, was soon after its enforcement transformed, and twisted in the heated conflict between the king and the parliament. James II who 1685 succeeded Charles II went even so far to abolish the New Privy Council and its cabinet system. But Temple’s prototype cabinet system was revived with the Glorious Revolution, and developed to the modern cabinet system according to the similar way with the way of the development of the Chinese cabinet system, but we hold the discussion on it over till next time.
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