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Purpose: In an age marked by complex global economic interdependencies, the efficiency and robustness of supply chains stand as critical drivers of economic success and sustainability. While both Vietnam and India share the status of emerging economies, they possess distinct characteristics that influence the structure and performance of their supply chains. Research design, data and methodology: Thus, the study investigates supply chain performance across selected industries and companies in India and Vietnam, by employing three benchmarks: supply chain length, inefficiency, and working capital productivity. Using MANOVA and subsequent analyses, the differences between industries, countries, and their interaction were examined. Results: Results indicate that while all three benchmarks collectively differ significantly, only supply chain inefficiency shows individual variations across industries, countries, and their interaction. Vietnam's smaller geographical size and potentially superior logistics infrastructure likely contribute to its lower supply chain inefficiency. Conclusions: The absence of significant differences in supply chain length and working capital productivity suggests convergence in these areas, possibly due to global supply chain integration and standardized practices. As these economies continue to evolve, understanding and adapting to these dynamics will be essential for businesses striving for success in the global marketplace.

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Purpose: This study aims to investigate the effects of customers’ perceived expectations on the intention transition into enterprises of household businesses in Hai Duong province, Vietnam. Research design, data and methodology: To address a critical research gap, the study integrates three theoretical frameworks including the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), the Expectation Confirmation Theory (ECT), and the Resource Dependence Theory (RDT). In addition, we use generalized structural equation modeling (GSEM) with data collected from 403 household businesses. Results: The findings indicate that customer expectations constitute the primary driver of household-to-enterprise transformation. Large domestic clients and government entities enforce transparency through mandatory electronic invoicing, while foreign customers require legal recognition, certifications, and compliance with cross-border logistics. These pressures make formalization a strategic necessity, thereby confirming the explanatory relevance of RDT and ECT. Conclusions: The study contributes to theory by extending TPB with customer expectation constructs, reframing ECT as a predictive behavioral mechanism, and enriching RDT with a proactive strategic dimension. From a managerial standpoint, the findings underscore the importance of complementing institutional reform with targeted capacity-building programs. This research provides valuable insights into the micro-foundations of business formalization in emerging economies.

Abstract

Purpose: This study aims to investigate the effects of customers’ perceived expectations on the intention transition into enterprises of household businesses in Hai Duong province, Vietnam. Research design, data and methodology: To address a critical research gap, the study integrates three theoretical frameworks including the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), the Expectation Confirmation Theory (ECT), and the Resource Dependence Theory (RDT). In addition, we use generalized structural equation modeling (GSEM) with data collected from 403 household businesses. Results: The findings indicate that customer expectations constitute the primary driver of household-to-enterprise transformation. Large domestic clients and government entities enforce transparency through mandatory electronic invoicing, while foreign customers require legal recognition, certifications, and compliance with cross-border logistics. These pressures make formalization a strategic necessity, thereby confirming the explanatory relevance of RDT and ECT. Conclusions: The study contributes to theory by extending TPB with customer expectation constructs, reframing ECT as a predictive behavioral mechanism, and enriching RDT with a proactive strategic dimension. From a managerial standpoint, the findings underscore the importance of complementing institutional reform with targeted capacity-building programs. This research provides valuable insights into the micro-foundations of business formalization in emerging economies.

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Purpose: This study investigates how entrepreneurial leadership mobilises employee innovative behaviour to enhance distribution efficiency in Vietnamese small and medium enterprises (SMEs), with particular emphasis on logistics optimisation and supply chain management improvements. The research examines psychological and organisational mechanisms through which leadership drives distribution-specific innovations whilst introducing family background as a social capital moderator reflecting Vietnam's relationship-intensive commercial networks. Research design, data and methodology: Cross-sectional survey data were collected from 978 employees across 89 Vietnamese SMEs operating in distribution-intensive sectors. Structural equation modelling via Smart PLS 4.1 tested hypothesised relationships, incorporating rigorous common method bias assessments and multi-group analysis examining demographic and organisational variations. Results: Entrepreneurial leadership demonstrated substantial direct effects on employee innovative behaviour and significant indirect effects through all hypothesised mediators. Family background significantly moderated the leadership-innovation relationship, with bias-corrected bootstrap confidence intervals confirming mediation robustness. Multi-group analysis revealed stronger effects among female employees and non-financial enterprises. Conclusions: Findings advance distribution science by demonstrating how social capital amplifies leadership effectiveness in fostering employee-generated solutions for logistics inefficiencies and supply chain constraints. The study provides evidence that human capital optimisation through entrepreneurial leadership represents a viable pathway for resource-constrained SMEs to achieve competitive advantage in relationship-intensive distribution networks.

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Purpose: This study examines how order processing system components influence customer repurchase intentions in e-commerce through both direct and satisfaction-mediated pathways, investigating the individual effects of timeliness, order accuracy, product condition, and order discrepancy handling. Research design, data and methodology: A quantitative approach utilizing structural equation modeling analyzed data from 314 Vietnamese e-commerce customers. The measurement and structural models were assessed using Smart-PLS 4.0 software. Results: The findings provide empirical support for all hypothesized relationships. All four order processing components significantly influence both customer satisfaction and repurchase intention. Customer satisfaction strongly mediates the relationship between order processing components and repurchase intention, while significant direct effects persist, indicating partial mediation. Conclusions: This study contributes to e-commerce literature by establishing a dual-pathway model that explains how operational excellence influences customer loyalty through both satisfaction formation and direct behavioral reinforcement mechanisms. The findings highlight that investments in order processing systems yield double dividends, enhancing customer satisfaction while also creating direct pathways to repurchase behavior through trust development and habit formation. E-commerce managers should prioritize order accuracy and timeliness while developing robust systems for handling order discrepancies when they occur.

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Purpose: This study investigates how digital payment capabilities enhance retail logistics and distribution efficiency and how these improvements influence customer retention in South Korea’s highly digitalized retail market. Research Design / Methodology: Drawing on the Resource-Based View, Dynamic Capabilities Theory and the Technology–Organization–Environment framework, four digital payment capabilities are examined: payment technology sophistication, omnichannel payment integration, payment data analytics capability and payment-based relationship programs. Survey data were collected from 350 retail consumers in South Korea and analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). Results: The results indicate that all four digital payment capabilities positively and significantly improve retail logistics and distribution efficiency. Among them, payment data analytics capability and omnichannel payment integration exert the strongest effects. Retail distribution efficiency has a substantial positive impact on customer retention and partially mediates the relationships between digital payment capabilities and retention. Conclusions: The findings suggest that retailers can improve logistics performance, trade operations and customer loyalty by investing in advanced digital payment systems and analytics-driven distribution processes. This study extends distribution science by demonstrating how digital payment capabilities function as operational enablers that strengthen retail logistics efficiency and customer retention in advanced digital markets.

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Purpose: This study examines how safety perceptions and SERVQUAL dimensions influence overall service quality within the airline service distribution process, and how service quality subsequently affects trust and customer satisfaction. Research design, data and methodology: Data was collected through a structured survey from 333 airline passengers in Korea. The survey items were adapted from established scales for safety, service quality, trust, and satisfaction. The data were analyzed using covariance-based Structural Equation Modeling (CB-SEM) with AMOS Version 23, including Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) to establish reliability, convergent validity, and causal relationships among the variables Results: The study found that safety perceptions and all SERVQUAL dimensions (Empathy, Responsiveness, Assurance, Tangibility, and Reliability) significantly enhanced service quality. Empathy emerged as the most influential factor in improving service quality. Furthermore, service quality had a strong positive effect on trust and directly increased customer satisfaction. Trust also positively influenced satisfaction, confirming a sequential process in passenger evaluations. Conclusions: The findings underscore the importance of safety and multidimensional service quality as key drivers of trust and satisfaction within the airline service distribution system. The results suggest that airlines should manage distribution channels as integrated service ecosystems, ensuring communication consistency, reliability, and customer-centered interactions to optimize passenger satisfaction and strengthen trust.

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Purpose: This study investigates how psychological distance embedded in transportation mode, social-distance cues, and cognitive-resource availability jointly shape consumers’ responses to framed promotional messages in mobile cross-border travel-booking environments. The research aims to clarify why loss-framed messages become persuasive in some travel contexts while gain-framed messages dominate in others. Research design, data and methodology: Three controlled experiments using mobile-booking scenarios were conducted. Study 1 (n = 193) examined how air versus ship travel interacts with framing; Study 2 (n = 268) incorporated social-distance cues between countries; Study 3 (n = 337) added cognitive-resource depletion to test whether the framing–distance match depends on effortful reasoning. Message attitudes or favorability, perceived distance, and construal levels were measured using validated procedures. The mediation analysis was conducted using multiple regression. Results: Air travel elicited psychological proximity, increasing the persuasiveness of loss-framed messages, whereas ship travel evoked distance, enhancing gain-framed messages. When temporal and social proximity aligned, loss framing became especially impactful, but when distance cues accumulated, gain framing consistently prevailed. Construal level mediated the effects, and cognitive depletion did not moderate them, indicating intuitive heuristic processing rather than resource-dependent reasoning. Conclusions: Transportation mode acts as a natural psychological-distance cue that shifts consumers’ construal and alters the effectiveness of message framing. Persuasion improves when framing aligns with contextual distance, offering practical implications for designing adaptive promotional strategies in mobile travel-booking environments.

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Purpose: This study investigates the influence of national cultural characteristics and individual personality traits on organizational commitment among Vietnamese employees in the distribution sector. Given Vietnam’s increasing integration into global supply chains in manufacturing, understanding factors that shape employees’ commitment is of growing importance. It aims to identify key cultural dimensions and personality factors that influence employees’ attitudes on their organizational commitment. Scholors have argued that culture plays a significant influence on individual’s behavior and motivation. Research design, data and methodology: A quantitative design was employed using a structured questionnaire administered to employees in logistics, retail, finance, and service industries. Data were analyzed with SPSS 26.0 to assess the effects of cultural dimensions and personality traits on organizational commitment, followed by reliability checks and hypothesis testing. Results: Personality traits exert a significant positive effect on organizational commitment, with openness and agreeableness showing the strongest associations. In addition, cultural dimensions - Collectivism (COL), uncertainty avoidance (UAI), and long-term orientation (LTO) - serve as moderating variables that amplify the relationship between personality traits and commitment. Conclusions: The results underscore the importance of incorporating both cultural context and individual traits into HR practices in Vietnam’s evolving labor environment. The study offers practical insights for aligning organizational policies with employees’ cultural backgrounds and personality profiles to enhance organizational commitment.

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Purpose: The present study examines physicians’ emotional labor from a distribution science perspective, conceptualizing emotional labor as an operational cost embedded in the delivery of healthcare services. Rather than treating emotional labor solely as an individual psychological burden, the study frames it because of how healthcare services are distributed across patients, time, and organizational structures. Research design, data and methodology: Using a systematic literature review approach, this study synthesizes prior research on emotional labor, healthcare service delivery, resilience, and coworker support. The review reorganizes fragmented findings into a logistics-based framework in which emotional demands emerge along service pathways and are moderated by individual and organizational buffering mechanisms. Results: The reviewed literature indicates that uneven service distribution intensifies physicians’ emotional labor, while resilience and coworker support function as stabilizing moderators that absorb and redistribute emotional strain. These mechanisms reduce service-related emotional bottlenecks and contribute to more sustainable healthcare delivery. Conclusions: By integrating emotional labor research with distribution and logistics concepts, this study contributes to the Journal of Distribution Science by reframing emotional labor as a systemic service-distribution issue rather than an isolated individual problem. The findings highlight the importance of designing healthcare delivery systems that distribute emotional demands more sustainably.

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Purpose: The present study investigates how sustainable sports leadership influences participation motivation through an internal logistics pathway of team orientation. Rather than assuming a direct leadership–motivation relationship, the study conceptualizes motivation as a distributed outcome delivered through team-based organizational processes. Research design, data and methodology: Using survey data collected from athletes participating in organized sports teams, this study applies a structural equation modeling (SEM) approach to examine the supply-chain-like flow of leadership influence. Sustainable leadership is modeled as an upstream source, team orientation as a central distribution channel, and participation motivation as a downstream outcome within the team system. Results: The empirical results show that sustainable leadership positively affects team orientation, which in turn significantly enhances participation motivation. The indirect pathway through team orientation demonstrates stronger explanatory power than the direct leadership–motivation link, indicating that motivational resources are transmitted through internal team logistics rather than direct managerial control. Conclusions: By framing leadership influence as a logistics and distribution process, the current study contributes to distribution-oriented sports management research. The findings suggest that participation motivation behaves as a resource that must be efficiently routed through team structures, highlighting the managerial importance of designing effective internal pathways to sustain athlete engagement.

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Purpose: This research explores how logistics service quality (LSQ) influences perceived sustainability, logistics value, and customer loyalty. Using structural equation modeling (SEM), the study examines how LSQ dimensions shape customers’ sustainability perception and how these perceptions contribute to value and loyalty. Research design, data and methodology: A model was developed from prior LSQ and sustainability studies. Survey data from 282 e-commerce consumers were analyzed with SEM. Constructs included order quality, delivery quality, information quality, customer service, and flexibility as LSQ dimensions, with perceived sustainability, logistics value, and loyalty as dependent variables. Results: Findings showed that delivery quality, customer service, and flexibility significantly enhance perceived sustainability, while order quality and information quality do not. Delivery quality, information quality, customer service, and flexibility also positively affect logistics value, whereas order quality remains insignificant. Perceived sustainability improves logistics value and directly influences customer loyalty, with logistics value showing the strongest effect. Conclusions: Customers recognize sustainable logistics practices through reliable delivery, responsive service, and flexibility, which reinforce loyalty. This study contributes to logistics and sustainability research by proposing an integrated framework linking service quality, sustainability perception, value, and loyalty. It also addresses the limitations of SERVQUAL by reframing LSQ dimensions for digital logistics platforms, offering both theoretical contributions and practical guidance for managers seeking competitive advantage.

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Purpose: This study examines how digital distribution platform utilization and brand storytelling capability of beauty industry entrepreneurs influence entrepreneurial intention, with entrepreneurial self-efficacy (ESE) and market opportunity recognition (MOR) as mediators. By analyzing both direct and sequential mediation, the study develops an integrated framework connecting entrepreneurial capabilities, distribution-oriented cognition, and entrepreneurial intention. Research design, data, and methodology: A quantitative survey was conducted with 494 current and prospective entrepreneurs in Korea’s beauty sector. Measurement items were adapted from prior research, refined through exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and reliability testing. The SPSS PROCESS macro v4.2 was used to test mediation (Model 4) and sequential mediation (Model 6), with 10,000 bootstrap samples and 95% confidence intervals. Results: All four digital distribution platform dimensions and three storytelling dimensions (narrative construction, identity expression, social media response utilization) showed significant indirect effects on entrepreneurial intention via ESE and MOR. Sequential mediation pathways were consistently significant. Conclusions: Digital distribution and storytelling capabilities affect entrepreneurial intention through ESE and MOR, with sequential mediation strongly supported. These results highlight the interaction of psychological confidence and market sensitivity in strengthening entrepreneurial intentions, offering theoretical contributions and practical implications for entrepreneurship education, trade logistics strategies, and policy support.