Abstract

A patient who underwent sinus floor augmentation (SFA) for dental implants at a local clinic was referred to our dental hospital for the treatment of maxillary sinusitis and oroantral fistula. After successfully treating them, a second SFA was performed by an experienced surgeon without any intraoperative complications. However, during postoperative follow-up, the patient developed severe maxillary sinusitis again and was referred to the Department of Otolaryngology for endoscopic sinus surgery under general anesthesia. During the preoperative assessment, routine laboratory testing revealed that the patient was positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a fact previously unknown to the healthcare providers. This case report discusses the increased risk of postoperative infection in HIV-infected patients and underscores the necessity of comprehensive pre-treatment evaluations for underlying health conditions in outpatient-based dental clinics. Additionally, a review of relevant literature is included to support these findings.