ISSN : 1229-0688
Motivation for change in a counseling setting includes clients' readiness for change at the beginning of counseling and their positive changes across the entire counseling period. Further understanding the concept and mechanism for positive change could contribute to improve counselors' service to their clients. The current study aimed to review literatures for various definitions and theories (e.g. SDT, TTM, MI, and HAPA) of motivation for change proposed and developed mostly in health psychology (e.g. addiction). Eventually, this review of motivation for change in a counseling setting was designed to increase the application of those theories to a counseling setting. Given this review, the noteworthy consistent finding in literatures about motivation for change was that self-efficacy is one of the most important factors influencing clients' motivation for change. Furthermore, the importance of self-efficacy and its implication to counselors and counseling psychology are discussed.
The purpose of the present study was two-folds; 1) to investigate the relations of perfectionistic self-presentation and the attitudes towards seeking professional psychological help; 2) to examine the moderation effects of self esteem on these relations. For this study, 217 college students were recruited. Results were as follows. First, several sub-factors of the perfectionistic self-presentation were negatively associated with sub-factors of the attitudes towards seeking professional psychological help. In particular, one of sub-factors of the perfectionistic self-presentation, ‘nondisclosure of imperfection: language (NDC-L)’, yielded a negative effect on attitudes towards seeking professional psychological help, controlling the effects of other subscales. Second, self-esteem moderated the relation between a sub-factor of the perfectionistic self-presentation, ‘perfectionistic self promotion(PSP)’ and attitudes towards seeking professional psychological help. Finally, the implications of this study and directions for future study are discussed.
The current study aimed to analyze client's core conflictual relationship by Core Conflictual Relationship Theme(CCRT) and conversation analysis methods. Analysis was processed as follows: 1) abstracting relation episodes from counseling scripts; 2) rating client's CCRT; and 3) analyzing client's patterns by CCRT and writing down relation episodes based on conversation analysis method. Conversation analysis method produced more verbally and non-unverbal reaction characteristics than those of CCRT method did. Different response patterns found by the two analysis methods, alternative use of conversation analysis method in counseling, and cultural limitations of categories used in CCRT were discussed. Given advantages of the conversation analysis method and limitations of CCRT, authors claimed that conversation analysis method should be used more often for diverse counseling cases. The current study was valuable as the first attempt to analyze a counseling case by conversation analysis method rarely used in counseling study in Korea.
The current study aimed to analyze client's core conflictual relationship by Core Conflictual Relationship Theme(CCRT) and conversation analysis methods. Analysis was processed as follows: 1) abstracting relation episodes from counseling scripts; 2) rating client's CCRT; and 3) analyzing client's patterns by CCRT and writing down relation episodes based on conversation analysis method. Conversation analysis method produced more verbally and non-unverbal reaction characteristics than those of CCRT method did. Different response patterns found by the two analysis methods, alternative use of conversation analysis method in counseling, and cultural limitations of categories used in CCRT were discussed. Given advantages of the conversation analysis method and limitations of CCRT, authors claimed that conversation analysis method should be used more often for diverse counseling cases. The current study was valuable as the first attempt to analyze a counseling case by conversation analysis method rarely used in counseling study in Korea.
This current study was designed to identify the relation between adolescents’ stigma to counseling and their expectation of counseling. Subjects of the study were consisted of 197 male and female adolescents ranging age 13 to age 18, who have received counseling services at least one time from a adolescent counseling center. Results of the study indicated that the direct effects of stigmas on expectations as well as the indirect effects through involuntary and psychological reactance to counseling were significant. when parameter estimates in the modified path model was compared between two groups of interests, there was no significant difference on the estimates between the two gender groups and the two groups who were voluntarily or involuntarily receiving a counseling service. Limitation and implications of the current study to counseling were discussed.
The purpose of this study was to develop a narrative therapy program for school maladjusted youth and to verify its effects. The constructs and contents of the program were based on White and Epston's narrative therapy. The program is designed to enhance school life adjustment, improve hope, self efficacy, and stress management. To examine the program's effets, a total of 39 students of the 1st in the middle school were recruited. They all showed an early phase of school maladjustment: 19 and 20 adolescents were assigned to the training and control group, respectively. Specifically, the training group received a total of eight sessions lasting 100 minutes at one time. Findings in the study indicated that the program help those showing school maladjustment to improve their school life adjustment, hope, self-efficacy, and stress management strategy.
Purpose of the current study was to develop and validate IRIF for college students. The inventory was based on the Adlerian theory and consisted of 36 items. Results of exploratory factor analysis indicated four-factor structure; comparison of self with others-positive or negative responses, and comparison of self with siblings-positive or negative responses. The IRFI yielded high levels of internal consistency reliability coefficient, and test-retest reliability. Criteria validity was supported by a high correlation value between IRFI and Inferiority Feelings Inventory. Concurrent validity was also supported by a moderate correlation between IRFI and Adjustment Inventory. Significantly different means values of IRFI scores between depressed and compared students indicated construct validity. The results of the current study indicated that the new inventory measures reliably and properly positive or negative responses to inferiority feelings. Implications and limitations of the study are discussed.
The purpose of the current study was to compare the effects of ambivalence on interpersonal relationships above and over emotional expression and emotion regulation style (ERS) across the three cluster groups. Three hundreds and thirty college students were recruited for the study. Cluster analysis utilizing emotional clarity (EC), affect intensity (AI), and ERS produced the three groups. ‘Conflicting group’ (low EC, high AI and emotional attention (EA) showed the highest AEQ-K and employed more often avoidant/distractive and support-seeking than activity way. ‘Clear group’ (high EC, AI, and EA) exhibited the lowest AEQ-K and used more often activity and support-seeking than other strategies of ERS. ‘Calm group’ (moderate EC, low AI and EA) showed AEQ-K lower than overall average values and utilized more often activity and support-seeking than others of ERS. AEQ-K significantly related with RCS for both conflicting and clear group. Limitations and implications of the current study are discussed.
Using structural equation modeling with data from 347 college freshmen, this study examined 2 mediators (separation-individuation and adult attachment) regarding the links between parental attachment and college adjustment or psychological distress. Results indicated that a model with no direct paths from parental attachment to adult attachment produced a better fit to the data than the hypothesized fully saturated structural model. Results also revealed that the link between parental attachment and adult attachment was fully mediated through separation-individuation. However, adult attachment did not mediate the link between separation-individuation and college adjustment or psychological distress. In addition, the links between parental attachment and college adjustment or psychological distress were fully mediated or suppressed by separation-individuation. Finally, attachment anxiety was positively related to college adjustment, whereas attachment avoidance was negatively related to psychological distress. Implications of the findings for future research and counseling practice are discussed.
The purpose of the present study was to examine natural grouping of people in terms of sub-factors of maladaptive perfectionism and two dimensions of adult attachment. Results from a cluster analysis with a sample of college students (N = 176) indicated the presence of three clusters. “Performance perfectionism-insecure attachment group” was characterized by being high on performance perfectionism and two dimensions of adult attachment. It scored highest on social self-efficacy, emotion-focused coping, depression, and anxiety as compared to the other two groups, while being low on self-esteem. By contrast, “performance perfectionism-avoidant attachment group” was relatively high on performance perfectionism, scoring highest on avoidant attachment. It scored lowest on social self-efficacy but highest on emotional cutoff, while being relatively low on self-esteem. Finally, “nonperfectionism-secure attachment group” scored lowest on maladaptive perfectionism and adult attachment. It scored high on social self-efficacy, highest on self-esteem, and relatively low on emotion-focused coping.
The purpose of the current research was to identify the conceptual structures of factors that were considered in making career decisions by female college students who were academically excellent at high school and the difficulties which they experienced in the process. Fifteen were recruited and interviewed. Sixty seven factors were extracted as factors considered in career decision and 38 were drawn out as factors restricting their choice of careers. Given the extracted factors, 12 participants classified and rated them again. Multidemensional scaling, hierarchical cluster analysis, and concept mapping were employed to estimate dimensions in the previously extracted factor. Two dimensions influencing the decision making ; ‘Others-Orientedness(Passiveness)/Self-Orientedness(Activeness)’ and ‘External Conditions-Internal Conditions of a Job.’ Given these two dimensions, female college students understood ten clusters considered with regard to their career decision process and seven clusters restricting their choice of careers. Finally, the implications of findings are discussed.
The purpose of the current study was to investigate the mediation effects of negative cognitions on the links between mothers' overprotective parenting attitudes and adolescents' anxiety. Five hundreds and eighty students of middle schools at Seoul were recruited. Findings of the current study were as follows: First, dysfunctional beliefs mediated partially the relation between mothers' overprotective parenting attitudes and adolescents' anxiety and completely the link between obstruction of autonomy and adolescents anxiety. Second, negative automatic thought mediated partially the relation between mothers' overprotective parenting attitudes and adolescents' anxiety. Finally, the relation between mother's overprotective parenting and adolescents' anxiety was mediated by the level of negative cognition. However, dysfunctional beliefs and negative automatic thought did not mediate link between excessive affection and adolescents' anxiety.
The purpose of this study was to investigate how psychological factors were related with interpersonal problems In doing so, the relations of internalized shame and anger expression with interpersonal problems were scrutinized using data from 541 college students (261 male and 280 female) from two major universities in Pusan, Specifically, participants were asked the questionnaires of internalized shame, anger expression, and interpersonal problem. Result of correlation and multiple regression analysis showed that high internalized shame was associated with higher Anger-in. and that both internalized shame and anger expression yielded a significant effect on interpersonal problems. Additionally, influences of internalized shame on interpersonal problems were greater than that of anger expression. We also discussed implications for counseling college students having interpersonal problems.
This study investigated the mechanism of the relation between socially prescribed perfectionism and bulimic symptoms among 272 female college students in South Korea. Specially, it was examined whether body comparison and body shame mediates the impact of socially prescribed perfectionism on bulimic symptoms, using Structural Equation Modeling. The results indicated that both body comparison and body shame mediate the relation between socially prescribed perfectionism and bulimic symptoms. There were two paths identified. One path showed that socially prescribed perfectionism increases body shame which, in turn, leads to increases in bulimic symptoms. The other path indicated that body comparison mediates the relation between socially prescribed perfectionism and body shame, with body shame increasing bulimic symptoms. These findings suggest that the excessive desire for social recognition and status cause bulimic symptoms through body comparison and body shame in females.
This study examined the relations among regulatory focus, work motivation, self-efficacy, work performance and psychological well-being. In doing so, authors employed the structural equation model , with which input-procedure-output framework for motivational variables, work performance, and psychological well-being was examined. Data in the current study were obtained from 184 employees. The results were as follows: 1) promotion focus indirectly influenced work performance through changing the levels of work motivation and self-efficacy, whereas promotion focus did not yield direct effects on psychological well-being and work performance. 2) prevention focus produced direct effects on psychological well-being, but not on work performance, and 3) predictors including regulatory focus, work motivation, and accounted for work performance well and prevention focus explained psychological well-being well. The findings in this study are discussed in terms of work efficient and psychological well-being in employees.
