Korea Journal
- P-ISSN : 0023-3900
- E-ISSN : 2733-9343
- Publisher : 한국학중앙연구원
- CCL :
Korea Journal
- P-ISSN0023-3900
- E-ISSN2733-9343
- A&HCI, SCOPUS, KCI
최신 논문
66권 1호
10개 논문이 있습니다.
SHENXianyu ; JINChangshan
pp.1-22
https://doi.org/10.25024/kj.2026.66.1.1
초록보기
초록
In the early 1960s, North Korean women, particularly figures like Yi Sinja, were frequently depicted in Chinese media as ideal socialist role models, serving as exemplars for the Chinese people to follow. This article explores the portrayal of North Korean women in China during this period, using sources such as the People’s Daily and Huang Gang’s reportage, Young Lady Yi Sinja. Within the framework of Chinese state discourse, these media and literary works highlighted the labor and socialist principal role of North Korean women, offering them as models for integration into the socialist order and as state subjects. This analysis reveals two key sociocultural dynamics. First, labor was of paramount importance in 1950s and 1960s socialist China. Second, following the Great Leap Forward, China faced economic adjustments and labor shortages, prompting authorities to reduce gender disparities in labor and emphasize women’s contributions. Under these conditions, Chinese media and writers focused on the female role in advancing socialist construction, portraying North Korean women as dedicated members of the Korean Workers’ Party. This approach underscored the importance of women’s labor in national development and its positive impact on the formation of women’s identity.
Abstract
In the early 1960s, North Korean women, particularly figures like Yi Sinja, were frequently depicted in Chinese media as ideal socialist role models, serving as exemplars for the Chinese people to follow. This article explores the portrayal of North Korean women in China during this period, using sources such as the People’s Daily and Huang Gang’s reportage, Young Lady Yi Sinja. Within the framework of Chinese state discourse, these media and literary works highlighted the labor and socialist principal role of North Korean women, offering them as models for integration into the socialist order and as state subjects. This analysis reveals two key sociocultural dynamics. First, labor was of paramount importance in 1950s and 1960s socialist China. Second, following the Great Leap Forward, China faced economic adjustments and labor shortages, prompting authorities to reduce gender disparities in labor and emphasize women’s contributions. Under these conditions, Chinese media and writers focused on the female role in advancing socialist construction, portraying North Korean women as dedicated members of the Korean Workers’ Party. This approach underscored the importance of women’s labor in national development and its positive impact on the formation of women’s identity.
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Disputes on the Amnokgang Forestry Company in Russia: Focusing on the Russian Minister to Korea N. G. Matyunin and Entrepreneur F. A. Lybov
김영수
pp.23-55
https://doi.org/10.25024/kj.2026.66.1.23
초록보기
초록
Key figures of the Amnokgang Forestry Company, executive director F. A. Lybov (Ф. А. Львов) and Russian minister to Korea N. G. Matyunin (Н. Г. Матюнин), provided explanations for the causes of the Russo-Japanese War. Lybov, the executive director of the Company, argued that the war resulted from two main factors. First, the Company shifted from a private-oriented policy to a state-centered approach. Second, the Company established the Yongampo branch during a period of heightened international attention. In contrast, Matyunin emphasized that the company functioned as a military defense shield, preventing Japanese attacks on the southern branch of Russia’s Chinese Eastern Railway. Matyunin argued that the Russian Finance Ministry, by pushing forward with the railway’s southward expansion, had provoked the war. Furthermore, he criticized the Russian Finance Ministry and Foreign Ministry for manipulating public opinion by blaming the Amnokgang Forestry Company for the conflict. Ultimately, the Russian government promoted the Amnokgang Forestry Company as a private enterprise, intending to establish the Amnok River as a military boundary with Japan. However, Japan interpreted the company’s activities as part of Russia’s broader ambitions to dominate Korea. Thus, the Russo-Japanese War stemmed from the conflict between Russia and Japan over the Korean Peninsula, with Japan using the Amnokgang Forestry Company as a pretext for war.
Abstract
Key figures of the Amnokgang Forestry Company, executive director F. A. Lybov (Ф. А. Львов) and Russian minister to Korea N. G. Matyunin (Н. Г. Матюнин), provided explanations for the causes of the Russo-Japanese War. Lybov, the executive director of the Company, argued that the war resulted from two main factors. First, the Company shifted from a private-oriented policy to a state-centered approach. Second, the Company established the Yongampo branch during a period of heightened international attention. In contrast, Matyunin emphasized that the company functioned as a military defense shield, preventing Japanese attacks on the southern branch of Russia’s Chinese Eastern Railway. Matyunin argued that the Russian Finance Ministry, by pushing forward with the railway’s southward expansion, had provoked the war. Furthermore, he criticized the Russian Finance Ministry and Foreign Ministry for manipulating public opinion by blaming the Amnokgang Forestry Company for the conflict. Ultimately, the Russian government promoted the Amnokgang Forestry Company as a private enterprise, intending to establish the Amnok River as a military boundary with Japan. However, Japan interpreted the company’s activities as part of Russia’s broader ambitions to dominate Korea. Thus, the Russo-Japanese War stemmed from the conflict between Russia and Japan over the Korean Peninsula, with Japan using the Amnokgang Forestry Company as a pretext for war.
김혜수 ; 이보미 ; 이재욱
pp.56-86
https://doi.org/10.25024/kj.2026.66.1.56
초록보기
초록
This study analyzes South Koreans’ perceptions of North Korean defectors (NKDs) from three points: positive, othering, and neoliberal. The positive perspective accentuates a shared ethnic identity, fostering inclusive attitudes toward NKDs as fellow citizens. Conversely, the othering perspective, rooted in South Korean superiority, associates NKDs with an inferior North Korea, often framing them as pitiable or criminal. This perception, linked to the view that welfare and educational support for NKDs constitutes reverse discrimination, fuels negative attitudes. A neoliberal perspective often portrays defectors as competitors within a capitalist society, leading to expressions of discontent among South Koreans regarding the perceived privileges afforded to them. This sentiment suggests a broader tendency to prioritize support for South Koreans. This study implicates that fostering a spirit of hospitality towards NKDs can serve as a catalyst for strengthening social integration.
Abstract
This study analyzes South Koreans’ perceptions of North Korean defectors (NKDs) from three points: positive, othering, and neoliberal. The positive perspective accentuates a shared ethnic identity, fostering inclusive attitudes toward NKDs as fellow citizens. Conversely, the othering perspective, rooted in South Korean superiority, associates NKDs with an inferior North Korea, often framing them as pitiable or criminal. This perception, linked to the view that welfare and educational support for NKDs constitutes reverse discrimination, fuels negative attitudes. A neoliberal perspective often portrays defectors as competitors within a capitalist society, leading to expressions of discontent among South Koreans regarding the perceived privileges afforded to them. This sentiment suggests a broader tendency to prioritize support for South Koreans. This study implicates that fostering a spirit of hospitality towards NKDs can serve as a catalyst for strengthening social integration.
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The Cinematheque Vision in Videotheque Practices: Public Film Culture in 1990s South Korea
정종화
pp.87-119
https://doi.org/10.25024/kj.2026.66.1.87
초록보기
초록
This study historicizes Korean film culture in the 1990s through the framework of two theques—the cinematheque as an idealized vision of a film archive modeled after the West and the videotheque as its practical counterpart. The driving force behind the transformation of Korean film culture during this period was the emergence of a new generation of young cinephiles who, armed with video media, developed curatorial practices. As no proper public cinematheque had been established, private cinematheques emerged to fill the void. These institutions effectively assumed the role of a national film archive, but functionally operated in the form of videotheques. In response to this evolving cultural landscape, the Korean Film Archive began expanding its role as a public cinematheque. Throughout the 1990s, amidst dynamic shifts between aspirations and realities, the two theques did not exist as separate domains, nor did videotheques simply transition into cinematheques. Rather, they functioned in a complementary manner, fulfilling different yet interconnected roles. This study highlights the advantages of this coexistence— namely, the flexible synergy between the two forms and the dynamism driven by young cinephiles. In doing so, it also offers insights into how the Korean Film Archive can engage new generations in the rediscovery of Korean classic cinema.
Abstract
This study historicizes Korean film culture in the 1990s through the framework of two theques—the cinematheque as an idealized vision of a film archive modeled after the West and the videotheque as its practical counterpart. The driving force behind the transformation of Korean film culture during this period was the emergence of a new generation of young cinephiles who, armed with video media, developed curatorial practices. As no proper public cinematheque had been established, private cinematheques emerged to fill the void. These institutions effectively assumed the role of a national film archive, but functionally operated in the form of videotheques. In response to this evolving cultural landscape, the Korean Film Archive began expanding its role as a public cinematheque. Throughout the 1990s, amidst dynamic shifts between aspirations and realities, the two theques did not exist as separate domains, nor did videotheques simply transition into cinematheques. Rather, they functioned in a complementary manner, fulfilling different yet interconnected roles. This study highlights the advantages of this coexistence— namely, the flexible synergy between the two forms and the dynamism driven by young cinephiles. In doing so, it also offers insights into how the Korean Film Archive can engage new generations in the rediscovery of Korean classic cinema.
도지인 ; 엄인영 ; 전영선
pp.120-145
https://doi.org/10.25024/kj.2026.66.1.120
초록보기
초록
The present research explores North Korea’s sartorial consumption during the post-crisis period in the 2000s to evaluate the impact of transnational/ transsystemic cultural influence in a state socialist context. Based on interviews with North Korean refugees, we examine how the increasing desire for foreign consumer goods such as clothing, including those from capitalist countries, affected the practice of socialist identity. The testimonies revealed a particular sartorial hierarchy and hybridity formed since the Arduous March, effecting a transition from scarcity to style under which official ideology was both depreciated and appreciated. Two factors emerged from the interviews to explain this outcome: first, the lack of China’s cultural appeal; and second, the ambivalent consequences of marketization. While recognizing the quantity of Chinese economic clout, North Koreans did not regard China as a yardstick of quality. Struggling to achieve basic subsistence, the North Korean population held de-politicized and pragmatic outlooks, adopting means of self-expression in compliance with state controls. Marketization and external cultural influence as experienced in the illiberal, impoverished, and ultranationalist setting resulted in distinct notions of aesthetics and affluence. Given the interview findings, the significance of the market as a vehicle for reinforcing capitalist culture and values should not yet be overstated.
Abstract
The present research explores North Korea’s sartorial consumption during the post-crisis period in the 2000s to evaluate the impact of transnational/ transsystemic cultural influence in a state socialist context. Based on interviews with North Korean refugees, we examine how the increasing desire for foreign consumer goods such as clothing, including those from capitalist countries, affected the practice of socialist identity. The testimonies revealed a particular sartorial hierarchy and hybridity formed since the Arduous March, effecting a transition from scarcity to style under which official ideology was both depreciated and appreciated. Two factors emerged from the interviews to explain this outcome: first, the lack of China’s cultural appeal; and second, the ambivalent consequences of marketization. While recognizing the quantity of Chinese economic clout, North Koreans did not regard China as a yardstick of quality. Struggling to achieve basic subsistence, the North Korean population held de-politicized and pragmatic outlooks, adopting means of self-expression in compliance with state controls. Marketization and external cultural influence as experienced in the illiberal, impoverished, and ultranationalist setting resulted in distinct notions of aesthetics and affluence. Given the interview findings, the significance of the market as a vehicle for reinforcing capitalist culture and values should not yet be overstated.
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South Korean Public Education’s Acceptance of and Experimentation with John Dewey’s Educational Philosophy
김상현 ; 송수진
pp.146-175
https://doi.org/10.25024/kj.2026.66.1.146
초록보기
초록
The purpose of this article is to clarify the limitations and implications of John Dewey’s educational ideas in South Korean education since liberation in 1945. Following liberation, South Korea rectified the demise of its traditional and Japanese colonial period education and pursued Dewey’s ideas for a democratic society through new educational perspectives. To this end, we examine how Dewey’s ideology developed during three periods. From the period of US military rule of Korea and the decades after (1945–1960), there were nationalistic attempts by a few pedagogists who had studied in the United States to free Korea from the repressive education of the Japanese regime and embrace Dewey’s ideas. In the subsequent industrialization period (1961– 1994), the state-led Dewey educational philosophy was incorporated into public education policy and served as an alternative to the traditional entrance examination’s culture of excessive competition. From the neoliberal period (1995–), South Korean educational policies such, as innovative schools, were pursued that sought to democratize school education for the majority. As a result of our analysis, it was confirmed that even though 70 years have passed since Dewey’s educational philosophy was accepted in Korea, the country’s education field has not realized the desired change. In consideration of Korea’s special historical background , it seems necessary to reflect on Dewey’s ideas and apply them from a long-term perspective.
Abstract
The purpose of this article is to clarify the limitations and implications of John Dewey’s educational ideas in South Korean education since liberation in 1945. Following liberation, South Korea rectified the demise of its traditional and Japanese colonial period education and pursued Dewey’s ideas for a democratic society through new educational perspectives. To this end, we examine how Dewey’s ideology developed during three periods. From the period of US military rule of Korea and the decades after (1945–1960), there were nationalistic attempts by a few pedagogists who had studied in the United States to free Korea from the repressive education of the Japanese regime and embrace Dewey’s ideas. In the subsequent industrialization period (1961– 1994), the state-led Dewey educational philosophy was incorporated into public education policy and served as an alternative to the traditional entrance examination’s culture of excessive competition. From the neoliberal period (1995–), South Korean educational policies such, as innovative schools, were pursued that sought to democratize school education for the majority. As a result of our analysis, it was confirmed that even though 70 years have passed since Dewey’s educational philosophy was accepted in Korea, the country’s education field has not realized the desired change. In consideration of Korea’s special historical background , it seems necessary to reflect on Dewey’s ideas and apply them from a long-term perspective.
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From Screen to Seoul: Korean Wave, Romantic Imaginaries, and Affective Mobility among Young Japanese Women
ITOIKiyu ; 심두보 ; LINAngel M. Y.
pp.176-203
https://doi.org/10.25024/kj.2026.66.1.176
초록보기
초록
The Korean Wave (Hallyu) has significantly influenced female audiences in Japan. While in the early 2000s the main audience of this cultural phenomenon consisted of middle-aged women, it has recently shifted toward a younger demographic. This study explores how Hallyu has been perceived by and has influenced young Japanese women, particularly in their decisions to study or live in Korea. Through semi-structured interviews with ten Japanese women, findings reveal that early interest in K-pop, amplified by Korean dramas and social media, fosters a positive image of Korea and a strong emotional connection. This connection not only deepens their enjoyment of Korean media but also motivates some to experience life in Korea, with some hoping to meet a Korean partner. Participants’ exposure to Hallyu across its generational phases—from the early wave to more recent, digitally mediated forms—further strengthens their connection, prompting significant life choices. These findings suggest broader implications for Korea-Japan relations in the contemporary era of Hallyu.
Abstract
The Korean Wave (Hallyu) has significantly influenced female audiences in Japan. While in the early 2000s the main audience of this cultural phenomenon consisted of middle-aged women, it has recently shifted toward a younger demographic. This study explores how Hallyu has been perceived by and has influenced young Japanese women, particularly in their decisions to study or live in Korea. Through semi-structured interviews with ten Japanese women, findings reveal that early interest in K-pop, amplified by Korean dramas and social media, fosters a positive image of Korea and a strong emotional connection. This connection not only deepens their enjoyment of Korean media but also motivates some to experience life in Korea, with some hoping to meet a Korean partner. Participants’ exposure to Hallyu across its generational phases—from the early wave to more recent, digitally mediated forms—further strengthens their connection, prompting significant life choices. These findings suggest broader implications for Korea-Japan relations in the contemporary era of Hallyu.
윤수진
pp.204-231
https://doi.org/10.25024/kj.2026.66.1.204
초록보기
초록
This study examines kindergarten education in Korea during the 1910s, a pivotal period characterized by cultural transformation and colonial influence. Drawing primarily on missionary educator Edwin W. Koons’ 1918 article in The Korea Magazine, this study offers a glimpse into the pedagogical practices, institutional structures, and cultural implications of early childhood education. Kindergartens during this period functioned not only as early learning institutions but also as sites of cultural formation and social discipline. This article examines how missionary-led kindergartens incorporated Western pedagogical principles, especially those derived from Friedrich Froebel and John Dewey, while also promoting values of hygiene, obedience, and moral discipline, aligning with colonial discourse and Christian ideals. By investigating curricular content, student demographics, and gendered access to education, this study reveals how these institutions reflected broader colonial and social dynamics. This research contributes to the historiography of colonial education by highlighting the roles of missionaries not only as agents of Christianization but also as significant figures in shaping Korea’s modern educational landscape through early childhood institutions.
Abstract
This study examines kindergarten education in Korea during the 1910s, a pivotal period characterized by cultural transformation and colonial influence. Drawing primarily on missionary educator Edwin W. Koons’ 1918 article in The Korea Magazine, this study offers a glimpse into the pedagogical practices, institutional structures, and cultural implications of early childhood education. Kindergartens during this period functioned not only as early learning institutions but also as sites of cultural formation and social discipline. This article examines how missionary-led kindergartens incorporated Western pedagogical principles, especially those derived from Friedrich Froebel and John Dewey, while also promoting values of hygiene, obedience, and moral discipline, aligning with colonial discourse and Christian ideals. By investigating curricular content, student demographics, and gendered access to education, this study reveals how these institutions reflected broader colonial and social dynamics. This research contributes to the historiography of colonial education by highlighting the roles of missionaries not only as agents of Christianization but also as significant figures in shaping Korea’s modern educational landscape through early childhood institutions.
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Western Civilization as a Cannibalistic Beast: Early 20th-Century Korean Newspapers’ Perceptions of the Boxer Rebellion and Their Impact
정종원
pp.232-264
https://doi.org/10.25024/kj.2026.66.1.232
초록보기
초록
The Boxer Rebellion was an international conflict involving military clashes between China and eight foreign powers. This event encompassed complex layers of conflict between Western and Eastern civilizations, as well as between Christianity, Confucianism, and Daoism. In 1900, when the Boxer Rebellion was taking place in China, there were two Korean newspapers that were published by Koreans in circulation: the Jeguk sinmun and the Hwangseong sinmun. The Jeguk sinmun held a Western-centric view of civilization and a Protestant-centric religious perspective, while the Hwangseong sinmun maintained a view with respect for different civilizations and a Confuciancentered religious stance. The multifaceted nature of the conflicts within the Boxer Rebellion was interpreted in different ways by these two newspapers. The Boxer Rebellion significantly influenced how the Korean press came to understand both Northeast Asian geopolitics and Western civilization, fundamentally transforming their perspectives on these matters.
Abstract
The Boxer Rebellion was an international conflict involving military clashes between China and eight foreign powers. This event encompassed complex layers of conflict between Western and Eastern civilizations, as well as between Christianity, Confucianism, and Daoism. In 1900, when the Boxer Rebellion was taking place in China, there were two Korean newspapers that were published by Koreans in circulation: the Jeguk sinmun and the Hwangseong sinmun. The Jeguk sinmun held a Western-centric view of civilization and a Protestant-centric religious perspective, while the Hwangseong sinmun maintained a view with respect for different civilizations and a Confuciancentered religious stance. The multifaceted nature of the conflicts within the Boxer Rebellion was interpreted in different ways by these two newspapers. The Boxer Rebellion significantly influenced how the Korean press came to understand both Northeast Asian geopolitics and Western civilization, fundamentally transforming their perspectives on these matters.
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The Life of Jesus Series by Kim Ki-chang: An Analysis Based on Andrew Walls’s Translation Theory
김지인
pp.265-291
https://doi.org/10.25024/kj.2026.66.1.265
초록보기
초록
This study examines Kim Ki-chang’s The Life of Jesus through Andrew Walls’ translation theory. Just as God was translated into human form in 1st-century Palestine, Kim translates biblical figures into Joseon dynasty social roles to express spiritual hierarchy. Kim translates Jesus as a yangban with a halo, symbolizing divine authority. Peter appears first as a commoner but later wears yangban attire as he follows Jesus, reflecting spiritual transformation. Kim also creates historical distance by placing his biblical scenes in the peaceful Joseon era rather than the wartime Korea he lived through. Notably, Kim used his own face in painting Peter sinking in the waves, expressing his personal anguish over the Korean War while preserving a distance. Although Kim’s portrayal of the stories of Jesus Christ had limits due to Joseon class structure, it was a creative and bold attempt to translate the Christian narratives into a Korean visual idiom, thereby deepening their relevance and offering a distinctly Korean interpretation that resonates beyond their original setting.
Abstract
This study examines Kim Ki-chang’s The Life of Jesus through Andrew Walls’ translation theory. Just as God was translated into human form in 1st-century Palestine, Kim translates biblical figures into Joseon dynasty social roles to express spiritual hierarchy. Kim translates Jesus as a yangban with a halo, symbolizing divine authority. Peter appears first as a commoner but later wears yangban attire as he follows Jesus, reflecting spiritual transformation. Kim also creates historical distance by placing his biblical scenes in the peaceful Joseon era rather than the wartime Korea he lived through. Notably, Kim used his own face in painting Peter sinking in the waves, expressing his personal anguish over the Korean War while preserving a distance. Although Kim’s portrayal of the stories of Jesus Christ had limits due to Joseon class structure, it was a creative and bold attempt to translate the Christian narratives into a Korean visual idiom, thereby deepening their relevance and offering a distinctly Korean interpretation that resonates beyond their original setting.