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본 연구에서는 감사를 ‘사건, 사람, 행동이나 사물이 가진 가치와 의미를 깨닫고, 그것들에 대해 긍정적인 정서적 연결감을 느끼는 것’이라 정의하고 이를 측정하기 위해 개발된 Adler와 Fagley(2005)의 감사 척도(Appreciation Scale)를 한국어로 번안한 후, 한국 대학생에게 실시한 자료를 분석하여, 한국판 감사 척도(Korean Version of the Appreciation Scale)를 제안하였다. 원척도에 대한 심리측정적 특성 분석과 탐색적 및 확인적 요인분석 결과, 23문항의 6요인 구조가 도출되었으며, 요인들은 ‘소유초점’, ‘의식행동’, ‘표현’, ‘자연/일상’, ‘하향비교’, ‘상실/역경’으로 명명되었다. 신뢰도 및 타당도 분석 결과, 한국판 감사 척도의 총점 및 하위 척도들의 내적 합치도가 적절하였고, 요인 별 시간에 대한 안정성을 확인하였다. 또한 한국판 감사 척도가 정서적 성향으로서의 감사를 측정한 척도와 구별될 뿐 아니라, 낙관성, 희망, 감상력, 영성과 같이 긍정 성향 및 상태를 평가하는 변인들과 구분될 수 있음을 검증하였다. 본 척도를 통해 측정한 개인의 감사 정도는 삶의 여러 측면에 대한 만족도와 정서적 안녕감을 유의미하게 예측하였는데, 사회적 바람직성, 성격 5요인, 그리고 다른 긍정심리학적 변인들의 영향력을 통제하여도 설명량이 유의미하여, 감사가 개인의 행복을 설명하는데 중요한 요인임을 확증하였다. 추가 분석으로, 감사 척도의 총점 및 일부 요인 점수가 성별과 종교에 따라 유의미하게 다른 양상을 보임을 확인하였다. 본 연구 결과와 같이, 긍정적 상황에 대한 반응이나, 정서적 성향으로서의 감사 뿐 아니라, 감사를 보다 광의적으로 개념화하고, 하위 요인들을 탐색하며, 관련 척도를 제안하는 것은 감사의 본질 및 감사와 안녕감의 관계에 대한 기제를 이해하고, 대상자의 특성이나 상황에 보다 적합한 감사 개입을 연구하는 데에 적용될 수 있겠다.
Adler and Fagley(2005) defined that ‘an appreciating something such as an event, a person, a behavior, and an object involves noticing and acknowledging its value and meaning and feeling a positive emotional connection to it’ and developed a multidimensional scale to measure it. The purpose of this study was to translate and adapt the Appreciation Scale to Korean culture. The results of exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis confirmed that the Korean version of the Appreciation Scale consisting of six factors, including 23 items, was appropriate to the data on Korean college students. Six factors were ‘Have focus’, ‘Ritual’, ‘Expression’, ‘Nature/Daily life’, ‘Downward comparison’, and ‘Loss/Adversity’. Korean version of the Appreciation Scale and its subscale showed good internal consistency and test-retest reliability, and they displayed convergent and discriminant validities via measurement of gratitude trait, optimism, hope, spirituality, appreciation of beauty, and excellence. These scales correlated with measure of life satisfaction and emotional well-being, Especially, appreciation significantly predicted to individual happiness even after the effects of social desirability, Big-Five personality, and individual's positive traits and states were statistically controlled. Conceptualizing gratitude and exploring components of gratitude would be valuable for understanding the nature of gratitude and its effects on well-being, and suggesting more effective psychological intervention in a diverse population.
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