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E-ISSN : 2733-4538
The Future Time Perspective Scale is a self-reported questionnaire measuring how individuals perceive their remaining time in life. This study aimed to (a) validate a Korean version of the Future Time Perspective Scale (K-FTPS) and (b) examine its measurement invariance across age groups. A total of 492 participants aged 20-89 years completed the K-FTPS, Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, Psychological Well-Being Scale, Life Orientation Test, and Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory. The psychometric evaluation entailed a series of analytical procedures, including reliability and validity assessments, explor- atory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analyses (CFA), and measurement invariance testing. The K-FTPS demon- strated excellent internal consistency (α=.92). The EFA and CFA indicated that the two-factor model was the best fit. The findings supported the scale’s convergent and discriminant validity. Furthermore, the measurement invariance test supported configural, metric, partial scalar, and partial strict invariance across age groups. The K-FTPS was shown to be a reliable and valid measure in a Korean population and has potential applicability to broader populations. It may serve as a valuable tool in research on human development and well-being.
Social isolation is a global issue that has intensified since COVID-19 pandemic. Social isolation can be mitigated or exacer- bated by various factors. This study examined the role of two core therapeutic process variables—behavioral activation and self-compassion—in the relationship between depression, social anxiety, and social isolation. Data were collected through an online survey of 300 adults using the Mental Health Screening Tool for Depressive Disorders, Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale, Loneliness and Social Isolation Scale, Behavioral Activation for Depression Scale, and Self-Compassion Scale–Short Form. Pearson correlation, mediation analysis using structural equation modeling, and moderated mediation analysis using the PROCESS macro were conducted using R software. The results indicated that depression, social anxiety, and social isolation were strongly correlated. Furthermore, these variables showed moderate to strong correlations with therapeutic processes. Mediation analyses demonstrated that higher levels of behavioral activation and self-compassion significantly reduced the positive effects of depression and social anxiety on social isolation. Moreover, levels of self-compassion moderated the effect of depression on social isolation, which was mediated by decreased behavioral activation. These findings suggest that inter- vention strategies integrating behavioral activation and self-compassion may effectively prevent and alleviate social isolation within community settings.
