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E-ISSN : 2733-4538
This study aims to validate the Korean version of the Metacognitions about Smoking Questionnaire (K-MSQ), which mea- sures positive and negative metacognitions about smoking. The factor structure, reliability, and validity of the K-MSQ were investigated among 397 adult smokers. Data were randomly divided into two subsamples:an exploratory factor analysis (n =199), which supported a four-factor model; and a confirmatory factor analysis (n =198), which yielded an acceptable model fit after modification and supported the original structure. Additionally, the K-MSQ exhibited convergent validity with nicotine dependence, daily cigarette use, depression and anxiety scales, and discriminant validity with the smoking outcome expectancy scale. Furthermore, the K-MSQ had more power than the effects of depression, anxiety, and smoking outcome expectancy on nicotine dependence and daily cigarette use, confirming incremental validity. The K-MSQ displayed strong internal consistency, and test-retest reliability was satisfactory when retested after an eight-week interval. Therefore, these re- sults suggest that the K-MSQ is a valid scale for measuring positive and negative metacognitions about smoking.
This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of the Written Exposure Therapy (WET) program on posttraumatic stress dis- order (PTSD), depression symptoms, and posttraumatic growth among individuals with interpersonal trauma. To this end, participants (n =20) who had experienced at least one interpersonal trauma and scored 18 or more on the Impact of Event Scale (IES) were recruited. Participants were randomly assigned to an experimental (n =10) or waitlist control group (n =10). The experimental group completed eight weekly WET sessions. Assessments were conducted at baseline, post-intervention, and at four weeks following the intervention. Significant interaction effects were found between group and time of measure- ment for PTSD, depression symptoms, and posttraumatic growth. Additionally, significant differences were observed between the groups over time. These results demonstrated that the WET program significantly decreased PTSD and depression symp- toms, while increasing posttraumatic growth. These effects were sustained at the four-week follow-up. These findings suggest that the revised WET program may be effective as an intervention strategy for PTSD in future counseling and clinical settings.
Politics, as a chronic stressor, can significantly impact psychological well-being. Prior research suggests that emotion regula- tion strategies like reappraisal—used to reduce system-based negative emotion (i.e., emotions triggered by aspects of the so- cial system)—can enhance well-being, but at the cost of reduced collective action. This raises the question of whether strate- gies that function differently, such as amplifying system-based negative emotion (i.e., rumination) or directly addressing the stressor (i.e., planning), show similar trade-offs. We examined this question during South Korea’s recent martial law crisis (N =400). Consistent with past findings, reappraisal was associated with better psychological well-being but lower political action through reduced system-based negative emotion. In contrast, rumination and planning were linked to lower psycho- logical well-being but greater political action through sustained system-based negative emotion. Together, these findings un- derscore that different ways of regulating system-based negative emotions are associated with varying effects on both individ- ual and societal well-being, highlighting the importance of adopting a multifaceted, context-sensitive approach to under- standing emotion regulation in politically distressing situations.
