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E-ISSN : 2733-4538
This study aimed to develop and validate a theory-informed, psychometrically robust measure to assess Hwa-Byung symp- toms, addressing limitations of earlier tools such as the Hwa-Byung Scale (HBS). Items were developed based on prior litera- ture and reviewed by Korean medicine neuropsychiatrists. A total of 300 Hwa-Byung patients and 93 controls completed the Hwa-Byung Symptom Scale (HBSS). Factor analysis, convergent validity testing, regression, and ROC analysis were con- ducted. The HBSS revealed two factors, namely, psychological and physical symptoms, with Cronbach’s α values of .90 and .82, respectively. Scores were significantly correlated with the HBS, Korean Version of the Beck Depression Inventory 2nd Edition, Korean Version of the Beck Anxiety Inventory, Korean Version of the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory, and Eogul scale. Regression analysis supported its diagnostic validity. The optimal cutoff score was 21 (sensitivity=.970, specific- ity=.925). The HBSS is a reliable and valid tool for assessing the core symptoms of Hwa-Byung. It may be used cautiously as a screening instrument in both clinical and community settings, pending further validation.
This study aims to examine whether intolerance of uncertainty and perceived control are indirectly associated with pathologi- cal worry through experiential avoidance. A total of 406 adults (aged 19–29 years) across South Korea completed question- naires assessing intolerance of uncertainty (IUS-12), perceived control (K-ACQ), experiential avoidance (AAQ-16), and path- ological worry (K-PSWQ). Findings showed that the competing model was more appropriate than the research model. In the competing model, the relation between intolerance of uncertainty and pathological worry was partly accounted for by experi- ential avoidance, whereas the relation between perceived control and pathological worry was accounted for through experien- tial avoidance. Subsequent path analysis controlling for gender indicated that the direct path from experiential avoidance to pathological worry had a larger standardized coefficient than the direct path from intolerance of uncertainty to pathological worry. These findings underscore the relevance of intolerance of uncertainty and experiential avoidance to pathological worry, as emphasized in the Intolerance of Uncertainty Model and the Acceptance-Based Model, respectively. They also point to the potential utility of acceptance-based behavioral interventions for pathological worry. The implications and limitations of the study are discussed.
This study examined the effects of mindfulness combined with positive reappraisal on social approach-avoidance behaviors in shame-inducing situations among individuals with depressive tendencies. Sixty adults with high interpersonal vulnerabil- ity were randomly assigned to either a combined mindfulness and positive reappraisal condition or a positive reappraisal- only condition. Following shame induction and intervention, explicit and implicit approach-avoidance behaviors were as- sessed. Although shame decreased after the intervention in both conditions, a significant reduction from baseline was ob- served only in the combined condition. Participants in the combined condition showed higher explicit approach choices and preferences, along with an implicit approach tendency, whereas those in the positive reappraisal-only condition exhibited rel- atively greater avoidance tendencies. These findings suggest that mindfulness may reduce automatic avoidance responses and promote social approach behaviors in shame-related contexts.
