- KOREAN
- P-ISSN3022-6805
- E-ISSN3022-6791
- KCI
ISSN : 3022-6805
Vol.15 No.10
Abstract
Objective: This review aims to summarize recent advances in liposome-based drug delivery systems and their applications for diverse therapeutic agents, including conventional chemotherapy, natural compounds, and gene-based therapeutics. Method: We comprehensively analyzed recent studies focusing on various liposomal formulations and strategies designed to enhance delivery performance. This review focused on strategies involving surface ligand conjugation, ion-pairing, cell-mimetic designs, and charge modulation. Result: Emerging liposomal strategies demonstrated enhanced drug retention, improved intracellular delivery, and increased target specificity while addressing critical challenges, including premature drug leakage, controlled drug release, non-specific tissue distribution, and multidrug resistance. Novel designs employing co-encapsulation, sustained-release platforms, and biomimetic coatings have demonstrated superior efficacy in preclinical models of cancer, infection, and inflammatory diseases. In addition, the development of liposomes for genetic therapeutics such as DNA, mRNA, and siRNA delivery has provided a promising avenue for precision therapy. Conclusion: Recent developments in liposome-based delivery technologies offer promising solutions to the limitations of conventional drug formulations. By integrating innovative structural designs and active targeting strategies, these systems demonstrate significant potential for clinical translation across diverse therapeutic contexts. However, further work is required to ensure scalable manufacturing, reproducibility, and regulatory compliance to fully harness their clinical potential.
Abstract
Objective: Bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) is integral to the regulation of cell growth and differentiation. Inhibition of BRD4 can impede the expression of its associated genes, thereby suppressing cancer cell growth. This study investigates the potential anti-cancer properties of OPT-0139, a novel inhibitor targeting BRD4. Method: Human hepatic carcinoma cell lines (SK-Hep1 and Huh-7) were employed to explore the impact of OPT-0139 treatment, both singly and in combination with Sorafenib. Cell viability, proliferation, cell cycle arrest, and apoptotic cell death were assessed using MTT and ATP assays, flow cytometry, Annexin V assay, and caspase-3 activity assay. The expression of BRD4 and apoptosis-related molecules was evaluated via RT-PCR and Western blot. An in vivo experiment utilizing a mouse xenograft model analyzed tumor growth, weight, and mRNA levels. Results: OPT-0139 significantly reduces cell viability and proliferation, inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptotic cell death. The mouse xenograft model demonstrates significant alterations in tumor growth and the expression of BRD4 and apoptosis-related proteins. Combined treatment with Sorafenib synergistically enhances apoptotic cell death and suppresses tumor growth, both in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion: This investigation validates OPT-0139's efficacy and mechanism in human hepatic carcinoma cell lines. The study underscores OPT-0139's potential as a promising therapeutic agent for human hepatocellular carcinoma.
Abstract
Objective: This study investigates the emotional dimensions of Korean language teachers by integrating theoretical frameworks and empirical data. Method: Responses were analyzed using qualitative content coding and frequency analysis to identify core emotional themes. A qualitative synthesis of prior literature was combined with a descriptive analysis based on open-ended emotional self-reports from 78 Korean language teachers. Key variables examined include native speaker status, years of teaching experience, and educational background. Result: The findings reveal that emotional labor, burnout, and fatigue are common among Korean language teachers, especially among early-career and native instructors. Conversely, many teachers—particularly non-native and experienced educators—reported motivation, hope, and emotional growth. These patterns highlight the dual nature of vulnerability and resilience in the teaching profession. Conclusion: The study underscores the importance of addressing teacher emotional burden through emotion-sensitive training programs and institutional support. Findings offer insights for future policies and professional development initiatives aimed at enhancing the sustainability of Korean language education.