Abstract

Purpose: This study explores the complex relationship between climate change, inequality, and the pursuit of carbon neutrality. The research also deals with how climate impacts and the burdens of the carbon-neutral transition are unevenly distributed across nations, cities, and individuals, emphasizing the importance of equitable and inclusive strategies to foster sustainability. Research design, data and methodology: The study employs a multidisciplinary approach to analyze the historical, structural, and intersectional dimensions of climate change inequality. It investigates the uneven distribution of climate impacts due to embedded risk factors and examines the role of science and technology in achieving carbon neutrality. Results: Findings reveal stark disparities between industrialized and developing nations, with marginalized communities disproportionately bearing climate impacts. Limited access to funding, technology, and decision-making exacerbates these inequalities. Additionally, mechanisms such as carbon offsets often intensify disparities, transferring burdens to vulnerable regions while benefitting wealthier actors. Conclusions: The study underscores the necessity of adopting inclusive, intersectional strategies for addressing climate crises. It calls for equitable policy frameworks, enhanced resource access for disadvantaged groups, and a redefined global commitment to fostering climate justice in the carbon-neutral era.