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  • P-ISSN1976-3735
  • E-ISSN3091-8685

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  • P-ISSN 1976-3735
  • E-ISSN 3091-8685

[Research Article] The Death of a Language? The Xianbei Language after Emperor Xiaowen's Ban

The Journal of Northeast Asian History / The Journal of Northeast Asian History, (P)1976-3735; (E)3091-8685
2024, v.21 no.1, pp.119-145
https://doi.org/10.23037/JNAH.2024.21.1.005
Choi Jin Yeoul (Korea National University of Heritage)
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Abstract

This paper demonstrates that despite Emperor Xiaowen’s ban on speaking the Xianbei language, many non-Chinese and some Chinese people continued to use the language during the Northern Wei period in Luoyang. Xiaowen’s policy had two key loopholes: first, the prohibition was applied only within the court, chaoting 朝廷 in Chinese, and second, the ban on the Xianbei language was limited to officials under the age of thirty. In other words, the ban was specifically defined as a prohibition on using non-Chinese languages in court or government by Xianbei officials under the age of thirty. As a result, the ban had a limited scope, meaning that a significant portion of Xianbei people could still speak their native language in practice. Many Xianbei people, including Emperor Xiaoming, the grandson of Emperor Xiaowen, as well as some Chinese officials, spoke Xianbei and other languages of nomads. This indicates that Emperor Xiaowen’s ban on speaking the Xianbei language was unsuccessful in achieving its goal.

keywords
#Emperor Xiaowen's ban on speaking the Xianbei language #Emperor Xiaowen's campaign against the Southern Qi #Emperor Xiaowen #Emperor Xiaoming #The Xianbei Language


Received
2024-09-04
Revised
2024-12-06
Accepted
2024-12-11
Published
2024-12-31
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The Journal of Northeast Asian History