- P-ISSN 1976-3735
- E-ISSN 3091-8685
This paper demonstrates that despite Emperor Xiaowen’s ban on speaking the Xianbei language, many non-Chinese and some Chinese people continued to use the language during the Northern Wei period in Luoyang. Xiaowen’s policy had two key loopholes: first, the prohibition was applied only within the court, chaoting 朝廷 in Chinese, and second, the ban on the Xianbei language was limited to officials under the age of thirty. In other words, the ban was specifically defined as a prohibition on using non-Chinese languages in court or government by Xianbei officials under the age of thirty. As a result, the ban had a limited scope, meaning that a significant portion of Xianbei people could still speak their native language in practice. Many Xianbei people, including Emperor Xiaoming, the grandson of Emperor Xiaowen, as well as some Chinese officials, spoke Xianbei and other languages of nomads. This indicates that Emperor Xiaowen’s ban on speaking the Xianbei language was unsuccessful in achieving its goal.