Abstract

This study empirically examined the effects of digital transformation perception on user satisfaction and intention to continue use among middle-aged public library users. Structural equation modeling results revealed that digital communication and organizational culture, online/mobile services, and data-driven operations had significant positive effects on both user satisfaction and continued use intention, while digital technology adoption showed no significant effect on continued use intention. Moreover, user satisfaction played a key mediating role in shaping continued use intention. These findings suggest that user experience and trust-based services, rather than mere technology-driven innovation, are the core drivers for strengthening long-term user relationships. The study provides strategic implications for improving digital services in public libraries and for enhancing digital accessibility for middle-aged users.