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본 연구에서는 단극성 우울증 환자와 양극성 우울증 환자가 우울 삽화에 있을 때, 언어적 기억력과 전두엽 관리 기능의 손상에서 차이를 보이는지를 알아보기 위해 메타분석을 실시하였다. 국외 학술 데이터베이스를 검색하여 포함 조건을 충족시키는 7편의 논문을 선정하였으며, 언어적 기억력은 단어목록 기억검사의 회상 단어수를 종속변수로, 전두엽관리기능은 언어적 유창성을 측정하는 단어 유창성 검사의 단어수와, 개념형성 및 전환 능력을 측정하는 위스콘신 카드분류검사의 완성 범주수를 종속변수로 하였다. 단극성 우울증과 양극성 우울증 집단의 수행 차에 대한 각 연구의 효과크기를 산출하여 전체 효과크기를 분석한 결과, 언어적 기억력에서는 두 집단의 차이가 유의하지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 언어적 유창성에서는 단극성 우울증 집단이 양극성 우울증 집단에 비해 수행이 양호하였다. 그리고 개념형성 및 전환능력과 같은 고차적인 인지능력에서는 두 집단 간 수행 차이가 가장 크게 나타났으나 동질성이 충족되지 않아 아직 결론을 내리기는 이른 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 이와 같은 연구 결과의 임상적 함의와 본 연구의 제한점에 대해 논의하였다.
We performed a meta-analysis of existing research to determine differences in cognitive function between unipolar and bipolar mood disorder patients who had experienced a major depressive episode. We found seven relevant papers through a close review of academic databases. With respect to verbal memory, the number of words recollected from a list of words, which represented a subtest of a list learning test was employed as the dependent variable. Also, with regard to frontal-executive function, the number of generating words in the word fluency test, and the number of categories achieved in the Wisconsin card sorting test, which was designed to measure concept formation and set shifting ability were selected as dependent variables. The pooled effect of verbal memory was not significant and thus, there was no significant difference between the unipolar depression group and the bipolar depression group. In contrast, the pooled effect size related to verbal fluency was significant and thus, the unipolar depression group performed better than the bipolar depression group. The pooled effect size of higher-ranking cognitive abilities, such as the concept formation and conversion ability was significant and exceeded a moderate effect size level (d>0.40). Further, the homogeneity test was also significant. Thus it is difficult to conclude that differences existed between the two groups. The clinical implications of these results and inherent limitations of this research were also discussed.
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