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- E-ISSN 2733-936X
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- P-ISSN2671-8197
- E-ISSN2733-936X
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The Cabinet Council of Charles II and Its Changes: The Establishment of the Britain Parliamentary Cabinet System
Korean Studies Quarterly / Korean Studies Quarterly, (P)2671-8197; (E)2733-936X
2015, v.38 no.3, pp.115-149
https://doi.org/10.25024/ksq.38.3.201509.115
Hwang,,
T.
Y.
(2015). The Cabinet Council of Charles II and Its Changes: The Establishment of the Britain Parliamentary Cabinet System. , 38(3), 115-149, https://doi.org/10.25024/ksq.38.3.201509.115
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Abstract
After William Temple and Charles II had introduced the ‘New Privy Council’ and the ‘Committee of Intelligence’ which copied the Chinese cabinet system, both institutions suffered considerable transformations in their real operations in the political conflicts. Charles II changed some members of the Privy Council, and according to Temple’s advice established the ‘cabinet council’ as new organization where, thanks to the numerical smallness of its membership scale, the confidential deliberations are possible, and hereby ‘externalized’ the Committee of Intelligence of 11‒membered scale. This ‘cabinet council’ is in its membership scale and its function nearer to the cabinet system of the Chinese Ming dynasty. But the New Privy Council suffered the momentary abolishment. James II, who succeeded to the throne in 1685 after the death of Charles II, as soon as mounting the throne abolished the New Privy Council and the cabinet council, and restored the old titular Privy Council of about 50‒membered scale. He alone, or under the advisement only with the small clandestine group, issued the decrees and held sway over policies. But, after 4 years, the English Parliament staged the Glorious Revolution against the tyranny of James II, banished him, and re‒established the New Privy Council and the cabinet council. Since then, the most influential parliamentary member(s) exercised the leadership in the cabinet council, and herby the unwritten rule “the king reigns but does not govern” appeared. This unwritten rule was more consolidated from the time(1714) when the king drew back from the nation politics as the reign of George I from the Hanoverian House, who was ignorant of the Great Britain Empire, began. This English unwritten rule leads to the most developed phase of the Chinese cabinet system where the thesis that “the king of Sun(舜) and Woo(禹) possessed the world empire, but did not interfere in it” again came true. At the same time with this, the English king nominated not all members of cabinet council, but a majority‒leading parliamentary member as ‘chief minister’, and let him choose the rest members. And this soon became conventionalized. There, as the Chinese cabinet system developed to the stage where all colaos were elected in the meeting of all palace members, the English cabinet council also arrived the phase where its ministers was not appointed by the king, but elected in the parliament. The ‘chief minister’ soon was called ‘prime minister’. With this, the prime minister system was also in England established. Because the New Privy Council stepped off on the Chinese‒styled foot, the following development of the English cabinet council repeated the stages of the development through which the Chinese cabinet system passed. But there was, of course, not only the repeat of the Chinese‒styled developmental stages. As everyone knows, the English cabinet system, in its interactions with the parliament which was absent in China, unwittingly developed to the parliamentary cabinet system, hereby overcame the Chinese cabinet system, and opened the age of modern democracy.
- keywords
- committee of intelligence, cabinet council, inner cabinet, outer cabinet, prime minister system, 정보위원회, 내각위원회, 내부내각, 외부내각, 수상체제
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