Abstract

This study aims to investigate modality expressions in KSL. The analysis began by organizing modality expressions in spoken Korean and then searching for their equivalents in Korean Sign Language dictionaries. The results show that a single sign or expression in KSL can convey multiple meanings equivalent to those in spoken Korean. Furthermore, signs conveying modality meanings in KSL have undergone a process of grammaticalization, evolving from lexical signs with similar meanings. For example, we propose that the sign for MAYBE has evolved from the sign for FUTURE, and the sign for MUST has evolved from the sign for PROMISE. Another finding is that the sign for MAYBE plays a significant role in forming signs that convey assumptions and possibilities. Additionally, modality markers in KSL are represented after the verb, reflecting a consistent syntactic structure. In conclusion, while modality markers in KSL are more limited compared to those in spoken Korean, they are still sufficient for sign users to express degrees of certainty, possibility, and meanings of obligation.