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ISSN : 2466-0787
The purpose of this study was to investigate the structural relationship and mediating effects of variables affecting dependent depression vulnerability in college students in the secondary separation-individualization periods and to verify whether gender differences were present in the structural relationship. To achieve this goal, the public self-consciousness, rejection sensitivity, and ambivalence over emotional expressiveness were selected as mediators affecting dependent depression vulnerability, and the relationship between variables was analyzed through the structural equation model(SEM). The main findings of this study were as follows. First, separation-individualization had a negative relationship with public self-consciousness, rejection sensitivity, ambivalence over emotional expressiveness, and dependent depression vulnerability. Second, public self-consciousness, rejection sensitivity, and ambivalence over emotional expressiveness mediated in the relationship between separation-individuation and dependent depression vulnerability. Third, the level of separation- individualization was lower in women than in men, and the levels of rejection sensitivity and dependency depression were higher. Lastly, women may present a high dependent depressive vulnerability, even if they have a high level of separation-individuation. Based on these results, the academic and clinical implications of this study were discussed according to the object relations theory.
This study aimed to investigate the characteristic of adult ADHD by assessing the inhibition deficit in adult ADHD. That is, this study intended to examined whether primary symptoms of ADHD such as inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity continued until adulthood. Therefore, Adults ADHD were compared with controls using two neuropsychological experiment tasks. First, we used the modified Stroop task through eye-tracker. Stroop task is used to investigate adult ADHD with deficit through movement and control of attention. Later, we used the modified Stroop task and Priming-Stroop task to examine ADHD tendency concerning deficit of sustainable attention and response inhibition. As a result, lower response time was observed in ADHD tendency groups than in the control group. Beside, higher Stroop effect rate was observed in ADHD tendency groups than in the control group, and two groups had different response accuracy. That is, ADHD tendency groups responded too slowly and impulsively. This means that ADHD tendency groups had differences between them. These results show that ADHD tendency groups, compared to control group, had a difficulty in controlling attention and inhibition. We found that the ADHD tendency groups has impulsive and inattentive tendencies. The results of this study can be valuable in understanding the characteristic symptoms in adult ADHD tendency group. However, these results have some limitations and cannot be generalized to adult ADHD. Future studies, are necessary to generalize characteristics of adult ADHD by conducting tasks with other samples.
The results of 463 college students were analyzed using the psychological growth environment(PGE) scale, Additionally the way of coping checklist and the subjective happiness(SH) scale, were utilized to investigate the effects of perceived psychological growth environment and stress coping strategies on the happiness of college students. Through correlation analysis, we studied the relationship between psychological growth environment, stress coping strategies, and level of subjective happiness, and examined the differences in each variable according to gender. We analyzed what was most influential on subjective happiness among PGE, sub-factors of stress coping strategy, and gender, and then whether emotional relaxation, which is the most influential factor for SH, mediates the effect of PGE on SH. In the results that examined the correlation between each variables, PGE perceived by college students and coping strategy showed a positive correlation, and PGE and SH also presented a positive correlation. However, stress coping strategy and SH showed a negative correlation, and emotional relaxation and hopeful thoughts were negatively correlated with SH among the sub-factors of stress coping strategy. Second, as a result of verifying the differences in each variable according to gender, male college students reported higher SH than female college students, and female college students reported a higher tendency to seek help and use hopeful thinking among stress coping strategies. Third, emotional relaxation was the most important factor affecting SH among PGE, sub-factors of stress coping strategy, and gender. Fourth, in the relationship between PGE and SH, emotional relaxation had a negative partial mediating effect. Considering the overall results of this study, perceived PGE affects SH, and emotional relaxation in the stress coping strategies has a negative effect on SH.
This study aimed to clarify the paths of posttraumatic growth(PTG) model in further detail by examining mediation effects of thought control strategies in the relationship between event-related rumination and posttraumatic growth. Data were collected from 505 students and adults who had experienced traumatic events. They completed the Traumatic Experience Schedule, Event-related Rumination Inventory(ERRI), Posttraumatic Growth Inventory(PTGI), and Thought Control Questionnaire(TCQ). The mediation effects of though control strategies were examined using a multiple mediator model approach proposed by Hayes. The results of this study indicated that distraction strategies and social control strategies had significant mediating effects in the relationship between intrusive rumination and deliberate rumination. Unlike the other strategies, reappraisal strategy had not significant mediating effect. Finally, the implications and limitations of this study were discussed along with suggestions for future research.
Children have different patterns of attachment depending primarily on how they experience their early caregiving environment. Early patterns of attachment, in turn, shape the individual’s expectations in later relationships. This study was to find out the relations of attachment patterns and depression severity, and to examine the mediating effects of rumination and suppression, which are emotion regulation strategies toward positive emotion. 296 undergraduates completed the Experiences in Close Relationships Scale(ECRS), the Korean-Responses to Positive Affect(K-RPA), and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale (CES-D). Findings of this study were as follows. Correlation analysis results showed that rumination and of positive emotion was negatively correlated with depression, and suppression of positive emotion was positively correlated with depression. The result of partial mediating effects of both rumination and suppression of positive emotion, were supported in the relationship between attachment and depression, while controlling for sex. These finding suggest that positive rumination may reduce depression, and positive emotion regulation strategies don’t affect on depression in a different way according to their attachment patterns and sex. Finally, limitations and suggestions of this study were discussed.
The clock drawing test (CDT) has been consistently used as part of neuropsychological assessment, specifically as a screening tool for dementia. This study compared the quantitative and qualitative performance on the CDT among patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), very mild Alzheimer's disease (AD) with a clinical dementia rating (CDR) of 0.5, and mild AD with a CDR of 1. Ninety-seven subjects with aMCI, 37 subjects with AD-CDR 0.5, and 50 subjects with AD-CDR 1, who visited the Memory Disorders Clinic in the Department of Neurology at the general hospital located in Seoul, underwent CDT and standardized neuropsychological battery tests. Although significant differences were found in the total quantitative scores among the three patient groups, there were no significant differences between aMCI and AD-CDR 0.5 patients. However, the qualitative error analysis revealed differences between the two groups in several areas: misrepresentation of clock (conceptual deficit error), deficit in spatial layout of numbers without any specific pattern (spatial disorganization), and moderate graphic difficulty. In correlational analysis between the CDT and other neuropsychological measures, the CDT was significantly correlated with the Korean-Boston Naming Test, Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure copying test, verbal/visual memory tests, and frontal/executive function tests. Therefore, the findings of this study suggested that the characteristics of qualitative errors in the CDT can help identify cognitive changes in the early stage of AD; however, the quantitative scores of the CDT revealed limited information about these changes. Additionally, our results indicated that performance in the CDT was associated with semantic knowledge, visuospatial function, and executive function
The aim of this study was to compare the profiles obtained by Korean children and adolescents diagnosed with ADHD in the 3rd and 4th editions of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children. The subjects were 38 children used K-WISC-III, and 41 children used K-WISC-IV. Each subtest and index score were collected and analyzed with dependent and independent t tests. Full Scale IQ(FSIQ) and 'Similarity' score were significantly lower in the K-WISC-IV than in the K-WISC-III. The differences in index scores were examined, it was observed that Working Memory Index(WMI) was lower than Perceptual Reasoning Index(PRI) on the K-WISC-IV. The limitations and implications of these finding are discussed.
The purpose of the present study was to identify classes based on the results of MMPI-2 and PAI in outpatients and to propose therapeutic interventions by verifying the influence of the variables on each group. Latent profiles analysis of MMPI-2 was conducted to examine types and characters of latent classes and investigate the relationship with PAI. Results showed three latent classes, “Potential underlying symptoms group”, “Neurotic symptoms by self-report group” and “Potential high-risk group”. According to the results that showed the influence of PAI variables, the higher the T score of ‘Aggression(AGG)’ scale, it was highly possible to be contained in the “Potential underlying symptoms group” than in the “Neurotic symptoms by self-report group”. Also, the higher the T score of ‘Suicide ideation(SUI)’ scale, it was highly possible to be contained in the “Potential high-risk group” than in the “Potential underlying symptoms group” and the “Neurotic symptoms by self-report group”. Finally, based on the results, the implications and future research directions were discussed.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between negative interpretation of positive evaluation and social anxiety. The negative interpretation of positive evaluation was conceptualized as containing three aspects based on recent literatures: the interpretation that one cannot meet heightened expectations, the interpretation that others favorably evaluated oneself, and the interpretation of doubting the authenticity of the positive evaluation. The relationship between negative interpretation of positive evaluation and social anxiety was examined in a sample of 190 college students. As a result, two aspects of negative interpretation of positive evaluation (the interpretation that one cannot meet heightened expectations and that others favorably evaluated oneself) significantly predicted the severity of social anxiety. When the effects of the fear of negative evaluation and depression were controlled, the interpretation that others favorably evaluated oneself significantly contributed to social anxiety. In addition, the mediating effect of the interpretation that others favorably evaluated oneself was observed in the relationship between the self-presentation sociability factor and social anxiety. The limitations and implications of this study and suggestions for future studies were discussed.
The aim of this study was to examine whether hopelessness played a mediating roles in the association between stress and suicidality(suicidal ideation and suicide attempt), and purpose in life moderated the effect of life stress on hopelessness. In addition, the moderated mediation effect on the relationship between stress and suicidality was examined. A total of 344 university students completed a self-reporting questionnaire on stress, suicidal ideation, suicide attempt, hopelessness, and purpose in life. The results indicated that hopelessness mediated the relationship between stress and suicidality, and purpose in life moderated the relationship between stress and hopelessness. As a result, the moderated mediation effect of purpose in life on the association between stress, hopelessness, and suicidality was found. These findings suggest that purpose in life may function as a protective factor concerning university students’ suicidality.
