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ISSN : 2466-0787
This study investigated the sequential mediating effect of social support and loneliness in the relationship between posttraumatic symptoms and suicidal behavior among North Korean defectors. The participants were 199 North Korean defectors (43 males, 156 females) who completed a set of self-report questionnaires that measured posttruamatic symptoms, social support, loneliness, and suicidal behavior at baseline(Time 1). After two years(Time 2), participants reported their suicidal behavior. The relationship between posttraumatic stress symptoms at Time 1 and suicidal behavior at Time 2 was significantly mediated only by loneliness at Time 1, and not by social support at Time 1. Furthermore, social support and loneliness at Time 1 sequentially mediated the association between posttraumatic stress symptoms at Time 1 and suicidal behavior at Time 2. This study contributes to the literature by elucidating the underlying processes that may lead to high suicidality among North Korean defectors focusing on interpersonal factors and highlighting social support and loneliness as potential targets for intervention.
This study investigated whether college students with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) traits experience excessive mind wandering and excessive mind wondering is related to working memory capacity. Based on the scores of Conners' Adult ADHD Rating Scales and Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale, normal control group (n = 30) and ADHD trait group (n = 27) were selected. Mind wandering was assessed by Go/NoGo task performance andthought probe, which was measured during the Go/NoGo task. Working memory capacity was assessed by Operation Span task and Digit Span task. Compared to the normal control group, ADHD trait group exhibited significantly more frequent mind wandering in the Go/NoGo task and showed faster response time in the Go condition and lower accuracy rate in the NoGo condition. In addition, ADHD trait group showed significantly poorer performance on the Operation Span task, and a significant negative correlation between the frequency of mind wandering and performance on the Operation Span task. These results suggest that college students with ADHD trait experience excessive mind wandering, and had limited working memory capacity than normal controls, and their excessive mind wandering is related to limited working memory capacity. In other words, present results suggest that the low working memory capacity limits the ability of the executive-control, which leads to a lot of mind-wanting experiences in individuals with ADHD traits. Furthermore, present results support the results of previous studies that mind wandering is associated with cognitive deficits in ADHD patients, and suggest that mind wandering and working memory capacity should be considered together in understanding and treating adult ADHD patients.
The purpose of this study was to examine the stress experiences of Korean adults by employing text analysis using the keyword tagging method and to investigate the relationship between these stress experiences and the presence of depression or anxiety. An online survey was conducted for community adults residing in South Korea. Participants were asked to describe their stress experiences over the past year and lifetime, and those reporting at least one stress experience were included. Firstly, one or more keywords were coded for each stress experience. Secondly, a list of 33 stress experiences was identified by categorizing events based on the keywords or combinations of the keywords. Thirdly, the frequency of stress experiences was analyzed by gender and age group. Lastly, random forest analysis was employed to examine the relationship between the stress experiences and the presence of depression or anxiety. Among the identified stress experiences, social discrimination/isolation, caregiving stress, and family’s work-related stress emerged as important factors associated with depression. Abuse/violence/sexual crime, employment, and family stress were identified as important factors associated with anxiety. This study sheds light on the stress experiences of Korean adults during the COVID-19 pandemic and highlights stressors specifically linked to the presence of depression and anxiety.
This study aimed to examine the effect of explicit, implicit, and hybrid emotion regulation strategies on shame and negative affect in maladaptive perfectionists. The explicit strategy consisted of self-compassion writing, the implicit strategy comprised self-compassion SUT(Sentence Unscrambling Task), and the hybrid strategy combined both approaches. The results revealed that the hybrid and implicit strategies were relatively more effective than the explicit strategy in reducing shame, and the hybrid strategy was relatively more effective than the explicit and implicit strategies in reducing negative affect. The findings suggest that the hybrid strategy efficiently reduces shame and negative affect in maladaptive perfectionists.
This study aimed to develop and validate the Bereavement Coping Scale for Adolescents based on the dual process model(Strobe & Schut, 2010). Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, open-ended surveys, and self-report surveys from people who experienced bereavement during adolescence. Preliminary items were developled based on the dual process model, semi-structured interviews, and open-ended survey data. Subsequently, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis yielded a scale consisting of three factors: acceptance of bereavement, rebuilding relationship with the deceased, and positive perspective, totaling 17 items. Acceptance of bereavement involves acknowledging and accepting the bereavement, rebuilding relationship with the deceased reflects efforts to maintain a psychological connection with the deceased, and positive perspective encompasses a positive attitude and emotion toward the future and oneself. The results indicated that the rebuilding relationship with the deceased factor corresponds to loss-oriented coping, while the positive perspective factor aligns with restoration-oriented coping in the dual process model. On the other hand, the acceptance of bereavement factor includes items corresponding to both loss-oriented and restoration-oriented coping. The scale’s internal consistency and test-retest reliability were satisfactory, and its convergent, predictive, and incremental validity were confirmed. In conclusion, the Bereavement Coping Scale for Adolescents is suitable for assessing coping mechanisms following bereavement during adolescence.
This study investigated the specific mechanisms that explain the relationship between childhood emotional abuse and non-suicidal self-injury. Based on previous studies and a literature review, we proposed full and partial sequential mediation models in which disconnection and rejection schema and psychological inflexibility would serially mediate the relationship between childhood emotional abuse and non-suicidal self-injury. Furthermore, we hypothesized a parallel mediating model and a simple effect model as alternative models. Structural equation modeling(SEM) was used to analyze data from a sample of 202 adults in South Korea. SEM results supported a modified partial sequential mediation model with the path from disconnection and rejection schema to non-suicidal self-injury eliminated as the best-fitting model. The findings suggest that childhood emotional abuse contributes to non-suicidal self-injury directly and indirectly through the sequential mediation of disconnection and rejection schema and psychological inflexibility.
This study aimed to validate and investigate the psychological properties of the Korean version of the Milwaukee Inventory for the Dimension of Adult Skin Picking(K-MIDAS). K-MIDAS is a self-reportscale consisting of 12-items that assess the style of skin picking. This study was approved by the Bioethics Committee of CHA University prior to the research. Using a sample of 492 adults, exploratory factor analysis(EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis(CFA) were used to investigate psychometric properties. As a result, K-MIDAS was revealed to have a three-factor structure: “mood regulated”, “impulsive reacted”, and “automatic”, which differed from the original version. Furthermore, K-MIDAS showed good internal consistency, convergent and criterion-related validity. The results suggest that K-MIDAS is a reliable and valid scale that can be used widely in Korea as a useful tool to assist in psychological treatment.
This study investigated emotional recognition and self-referent anger emotion bias in female college students with body dysmorphic symptoms(BDS). The emotional discrimination task with self-referent and other-referent conditions was used to explore the relationship between self-referent recognition bias for anger emotion and ideas of reference in individuals with BDS. Participants were divided into high (n = 30) and low (n = 30) BDS groups based on BICI(The Body Image Concern Inventory) and DCQ (Dysmorphic Concern Questionnaire). The findings indicated that the high BDS group exhibited significantly lower overall accuracy and accuracy in the self-referent condition compared to the low BDS group. The high BDS group also misinterpreted neutral facial expressions as anger in self-referent situations. Additionally, a correlation was found between self-referent anger bias and ideas of reference in high BDS individuals. Overall, the results suggest that emotional recognition deficits, a bias toward anger emotion in self-referent situations, and ideas of reference are characteristic features associated with the development of body dysmorphic disorder in female college students.
This study aimed to examine the diagnostic utility of self-reported cognitive complaints to distinguish patients with dementia, cognitive impairment no dementia, and cognitive normal control group. Clinical interviews and neuropsychological assessments were conducted on older adults aged 60 years or older and caregivers. To measure the level of subjective cognitive complaints, the Self-Reported Version of Korean Dementia Screening Questionnaire (KDSQ-SR) was used. Because variables such as demographic variables and depression are likely to have a significant impact on the degree of subjective cognitive complaints, the interaction effects of age, sex, years of education, and depression were analyzed in the relationship between the level of cognitive impairment and the degree of subjective cognitive complaints. As a result, an interaction effect was suggested in years of education, so the above variable was considered as a control variable. To examine the incremental validity of KDSQ-SR, logistic regression analysis and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were conducted. As a result, compared to using Korean-Mini Mental State Examination, 2nd edition (K-MMSE-2) alone, it was found that KDSQ-SR had additional explanatory power in all groups when K-MMSE-2 and KDSQ-SR were considered together. These results suggest that it may be useful to use the degree of subjective cognitive complaints as a predictor of neurocognitive disorder.
