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- P-ISSN 1976-3735
- E-ISSN 3091-8685
- P-ISSN1976-3735
- E-ISSN3091-8685
Article Detail
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[Research Article] Vietnam-China Trade Relations under French Colonial Administration in Late Nineteenth-Century Vietnam
The Journal of Northeast Asian History / The Journal of Northeast Asian History, (P)1976-3735; (E)3091-8685
2025, v.22 no.1, pp.125-169
https://doi.org/10.23037/jnah.2025.22.1.004
(Vietnam Academy of Social Sciences (VASS))
(Vietnam Academy of Social Sciences (VASS))
(Vietnam Academy of Social Sciences (VASS))
Trần,
T.
P.
H.
, &
Cao,
V.
A.
(2025). [Research Article] Vietnam-China Trade Relations under French Colonial Administration in Late Nineteenth-Century Vietnam. , 22(1), 125-169, https://doi.org/10.23037/jnah.2025.22.1.004
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Abstract
This article examines the evolution of Sino-Vietnamese commercial relations from 1860 to the end of the nineteenth century, against the backdrop of the French conquest of Vietnam and the imposition of a colonial administration. It situates the historical circumstances that enabled France to intervene in the trade between Vietnam and China—two countries that had long maintained a tributary relationship and continued the exchange of envoys until as late as 1882. By this period, however, such missions had lost their commercial significance and had become purely ceremonial. The interplay between commerce, military intervention, diplomatic negotiations, and the resort to force constituted the necessary prelude to the dramatic commercial treaties involving the three principal actors: Đại Nam (Vietnam), Đại Thanh (China), and Đại Pháp (France). The article further highlights the new features of Sino-Vietnamese trade under French colonial oversight, including statistical data on bilateral exchanges and the reconfiguration of trade routes between the two sides. In doing so, it contributes to a deeper understanding of how colonial interventions reshaped long-standing regional trading patterns and altered the balance between tributary ritual and commercial pragmatism in late nineteenth-century East Asia.
- keywords
- Vietnam-China relations, nineteenth century, trade, trade tributary relations
- Received
- 2025-09-24
- Revised
- 2025-11-07
- Accepted
- 2025-11-25
- Published
- 2025-12-31
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