ISSN : 1229-0688
The purpose of this article is to define the concept of disidentification as an essential mechanism in psychotherapy. First, the way how the degree of disidentification affect the growth and maturity of an individual was discussed and then its functioning in process of psychotherapy was inspected to clarify the concept of disidentification. To give a new prospect with disidentification, literatures concerning disidentification were reviewed. By reviewing various concepts that can have similar meaning with disidentification, the constructional concept of disidentification was clarified and its possibility of being a new concept that can be used to understand the process of psychotherapy was inspected. The implication and limitation of this study and the suggestion for further study were also discussed.
This study is the basic research which explored Korean counseling experts' expertise about the case conceptualization process to develop the contents and methods of teaching the case conceptualization. Researchers interviewed 11 counseling experts who have got the certificate of professional counselor(Korean Counseling Psychology Association) more than 5 years about the consisting elements, the working process, the standards of evaluation, the teaching methods of the case conceptualization. The results of interview was analyzed by the Consensual Qualitative Research(CQR) as follows : First, the necessary elements of case conceptualization were basic and deep ones(intra-person / interpersonal relation). Second, the working process of the case conceptualization was integrating the elements, modifying & making up for the first version, applying to the counseling case. Experts suggest to explore the necessary information clearly, to remember that the case conceptualization is amendable. Third, the standards of evaluating the case conceptualization were the amount of the adequate information, the fitness of the relations among the elements, the degree of whole understanding about the clients. Last, the recommendable teaching methods of case conceptualization were theory education, modeling, practice, discussion, feedback. Korean counseling experts' expertise for the case conceptualization education is expected to be the practical foundation of teaching and training the case conceptualization for the beginning and middle level counselors.
The object of this study was to analyse the characteristics of therapeutic relationships between child and therapist in the playtherapy of Korea. As the characteristics of therapeutic relationship, the differences of therapeutic relationship by the respect of the sex and age, the differences of perception for therapeutic relationship between child and therapist, and the general groups of therapeutic relationship coming out at the scene of korean child play therapy, have been analyzed. The subjects of this study were 157 children older than 6 years, their parent and therapist of Korea. The korean version of the therapeutic relationship scaled for children The collected data were analyzed by frequency, percentage, Cronbach'α, Twoway- ANOVA, paired t-test, Cluster analysis. Female children who has joined in play therapy had more positive perception of therapeutic helping relationship than male children. And younger children had more strong positive or negative emotional relationship than older children. Children among the relation of children and therapist perceived more positively the emotional relationship. In the therapeutic relationship between children and therapists of play therapy in Korea, the most widely distributed group was the type, which is perceived therapeutic relationship as good by child and therapist both. And the second was a type, which is perceived emotional relationship as good and therapeutic helping relationship as bad. The next was that is perceived therapeutic relationship as bad. And the last was a type that is perceived therapeutic helping relationship as good but bad emotional relationship.
This study was to investigate the supervision educational contents needs, the actual condition, and the satisfaction of supervision for the counsellors who are in the process of training level. The participants were the counsellors who had experienced individual or group supervision of their own counseling cases. This study was to measure the supervision educational contents needs, the actual condition, and the satisfaction of supervision by using questionnaires about supervision contents, and counselor's developmental level by using counsellor development scale. As a result, “case conceptualization” and “awareness” were needed most highly. During the actual supervision, “case conceptualization” and “awareness” were treated most importantly. Moreover they were the most satisfying area. Also there was a high correlation between counsellor's developmental level and the degree of the satisfaction, so was among each subordinate of counselor's developmental level. This means that the higher counselors' developmental level becomes, the more positively they organize the supervision environment to be fit for themselves and participate actively. It made them satisfy with the supervision. This study presented the empirical data on the degree of supervision content need, actual condition, and the degree of the satisfaction proposing the necessity of systematic supervision in terms of the educational contents, which connected to the counsellor development research. Implications for the further studies were suggested.
This study examined how counselor cultural values, gender, nationality, and marital status affect his or her perceptions of counselor emphasis of different client emotions. Thirty-six American counselors and thirty-nine Korean counselors read two counseling scripts in which the counselor emphasized expression of different client emotions, ego-focused or other-focused emotions, and they rated the counselor in terms of counselor credibility. It was revealed that a three-way interaction effect was statistically significant among counselor nationality, gender, and interdependent orientation. Korean counselors, male and female, rated the counselor in the ego-focused emotion script more highly than the one in the other-focused emotion script. On the other hand, for American female counselors, their ratings to the one in the other-focused emotion script got higher as their interdependent orientation became stronger. For American male counselors, however, their ratings to the one in the ego-focused emotions script got higher as their interdependent orientation became stronger. In spite of several limitations such as small sample size and analogue design, the findings of the present study have important implications for the need to consider counselor cultural values as well as client cultural values in dealing with emotional issues in counseling.
Movies, like books, could be utilized as one of the inexpensive intervention materials for psychotherapy. Cinematherapy involves assigning clients commercial movies to view between therapy sessions. The Purposes of this study are to develop a cinematherapy program and to verify it's outcome. For these purposes, literatures on the theories and techniques for cinematherapy are reviewed, and any possible advantages of the use of cinematherapy are discussed. The participants of this study were 22 university students. Cinematherapy sessions were held once a week for 180 minutes long and total eight sessions and additional one post-session were conducted. All the participants were subjected to be tested pre, post, and 1 month after. The results showed that KIIP mean score obtained from the experimental group significantly lower than that from the control group in coldness, social suppression, non-assertiveness, social skill deficiency when compared between post and pre therapy sessions. The result implies that cinematherapy program is effective in reducing the client's cold emotion, keeping open mind and obtaing some useful social skills. However this program should not be overgeneralized because this study is limited to college student group. A systematic series of empirical investigations should be undertaken to develop more effective practice for various subject groups.
This study aims to examine the therapeutic values and effects of REBT programme on anger of alcohol dependence. The program consists of 8 seesions based on the investigation and revision of the anger-control program in previous researches. The participants in experimental groups participated in the program once a week for 8weeks. On the other hand, the participants in control groups, who had very similar background, just received general medical attention for alcoholics. At eighth weeks all the participants in both the groups had post-examination. As results, the mean difference in trait anger, anger explosion, and anger-control between two groups are statistically significant. In the trait anger and anger explosion the control groups showed higher scores than the experimental groups while, in terms of the anger-control, the opposite tendency appeared. In addtion, any mean difference in the state anger and anger restraint was not found. Based on the results, the author mentioned the limitations of study and the suggestions for further studies.
The main purpose of the study is to know what construct concepts our middle-school students have used for school adjustment, particularly areas and components of school adjustment. Based on preceding research on school adjustment, 4 areas of school study, school friend, school teacher, and school life are established. A 160-item prototype questionnaire was formed according to quoting or referring measurement items of preceding research before 5 experts in counseling and clinical psychology investigating suitability of the items, ultimately selecting 113 items as a school adjustment questionnaire for the study. This questionnaire was tested of its reliability and exploratory factor analysis, by trying 726 middle-school students (428 male students and 298 female students). Following 8 sub categories, which are school study: study adaptability and study value, school friend: friend relationship and mutual cooperation, school teacher: teacher preference and intimacy, and finally school life: order / rule observance and school life satisfaction, consists essentially of middle-school students' school adjustment model of the study. Structural Equation Model (SEM), through its confirmatory factor analysis, confirmed fit of this trial model. It also revealed significant relation to behavior rating and school life index (academic result, presence / absence in school, disciplinary punishment, and etc.) from class teachers' response. In the end, the significance and its future application in school counseling were discussed along with restrictions of the present study, suggesting the benefit of further work.
The aim of present study is to test and explain the theoretical models of dating sexual violence that based on the psychological variables reportedly related with former researches. Through literature review, we selected the variables that related with dating sexual violence: sex-role acceptance, rape myth, awareness of sex-dating violence control, and sexual self-assertiveness and hypothesized models. The models of dating sexual violence and victimization are as follows. a sexual violence model postulates that males are likely to violate their dating partners when they have traditional sex-role acceptance, rape-myth, low degree of dating violence awareness. And, partner control, as mediating variable, mediates these three variables toward sexual violent behavior in dating relationship. Sexual victimization model postulates that females who have traditional sex-role acceptance, rape-myth, low degree of dating violence awareness are likely to be violated by their dating partners. And, sexual self-assertiveness, as a mediating variable, mediates these three variables toward sexual victimization in dating relationship. The models were estimated with AMOS 4.0. For this study, 989 college student were selected as a samples. The result of structural equation modeling suggested that partner control in sexual violence model mediated between the acceptance of rape myth and sexually violent behavior. Moreover, sexual self-assertiveness in sexual victimization model mediated between both the acceptance of rape myth and sex-role acceptance and sexual victimization in dating relationship. The implication and limitations of the study were discussed along with some suggestions for future researches and psychotherapy practice.
The purpose of this study was to verify the effectiveness of the combination method of Guided Imagery and music whether it could be more effective than either one of them. Together with, among subjective personal character which can affect the result on responses other than objective attributes of stimuli, it was studied whether there are any difference in responses based on personal musical experiences. For this purpose, 100 college students were allocated into four groups, 25 for each, [Guided Imagery and Music Treatment], [Guided Imagery Treatment], [Music Treatment], and [No Treatment]. Two-way ANOVA was carried out in order to compare the result difference of pre-test / post-test and the difference per musical experience which is done by using STAI-S and tension relaxation scale. The t-test was carried out for each treatment to determine which treatment produced specific meaningful differences, along with differences in preference by treatments. According to the results, the [Guided Imagery and Music Treatment] group showed the greatest variation in tension relaxation and anxiety state among all treatments (relaxation p <.05, state anxiety p <.001); there were significant differences (p <.05) in state anxiety by musical career. Particularly, the [Guided Imagery Treatment] group showed the most significant variation in the extent of tension relaxation degree and preference per musical experience; the group with higher musical experience showed significantly small variation both in anxiety state (p <.01) and in preference (p <.01) than that with lower experience. This study demonstrates that music is not simply background in Guided Imagery but plays an important role of enhancing tension relaxation effectively and that there can be differences in responses and preference in musical experience.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of attachment, psychological independence and emotional intelligence on career decision-making self-efficacy. Data were collected from 354 Korean undergraduate students considering the time of career decision-making. The result showed significant positive correlations among attachment, emotional intelligence and career decision-making self-efficacy. However, correlation between psychological independence and career decision-making self-efficacy was not significant. Accordingly, psychological independence was excluded from analysis and Analysis of Factorial Design was conducted to examine the effects of level of attachment and level of emotional intelligence on career decision-making self-efficacy. The results indicated that the main effect of both the level of attachment and the level of emotional intelligence were significant. Those with high level of attachment had significantly higher career decision-making self-efficacy than those with low level of attachment. Those with high level of emotional intelligence also had significantly higher career decision-making self-efficacy than those with low level of emotional intelligence. However, there was no interaction effect between level of attachment and level of emotional intelligence on career decision-making self-efficacy. In the results, the importance of attachment was confirmed and the role of emotion in career decision-making self-efficacy was seen through emotional intelligence. However, an attempt to understand the reason for importance of attachment through emotional development was not supported. Based on these results, implications of the effects of attachment and emotional intelligence on career decision-making self-efficacy were discussed. Limitations of this study and the suggestions were offered for future research.
The purpose of this study was to find out a change of depression's level in a course of time and predictors of depression of North Korean defectors in South Korea. This survey was conducted on 200 North Korean defectors with questions on depression, psychological trauma in North Korea and escape process from North Korea in 2001. Among them, 151 North Korean defectors were followed up with questions on depression, stress experience in South Korea and socio-demographic characteristics in 2004. Result indicated that depression of North Korean defectors was significantly increased during three years, and especially depression of men was significantly increased. The level of depression of an old age group, a marriage experienced group in North Korean, a poor health group, and a chronic disease group was higher than any others. In 2001, no graduation from University in North Korea and less psychological trauma in North Korea predicted depression of North Korean defectors. In 2004, marriage in North Korea, more psychological trauma in North Korea, less psychological trauma in escape process from North Korea, and more stress in South Korea predicted depression of North Korean defectors. Finally, adjustment, therapeutic interventions, mental health service programs of North Korean defectors and further study were discussed.
This study explored stability in adult attachment and its relation with life adaptation over six months. 145 cadets participated in the survey which was carried two times with six months interval, using the Relational Questionnaire(RQ), the Adult Attachment Scale(AAS) and the Cadets Adjustment to Academy(CAA). Results indicated that 63% of the cadets showed no difference in the adult attachment styles of the RQ and their responses in the adult attachment factors of the AAS were moderately stable after the six months. The confidence factor of the AAS turned out to have positive co-relations with the all factors of the CAA. In the two measurements, the secure attachment group showed a higher score in social adaptation than the insecure group. In the conclusion, the limitations of this study were discussed and the suggestions were made for the future adult attachment studies.
This study explored stability in adult attachment and its relation with life adaptation over six months. 145 cadets participated in the survey which was carried two times with six months interval, using the Relational Questionnaire(RQ), the Adult Attachment Scale(AAS) and the Cadets Adjustment to Academy(CAA). Results indicated that 63% of the cadets showed no difference in the adult attachment styles of the RQ and their responses in the adult attachment factors of the AAS were moderately stable after the six months. The confidence factor of the AAS turned out to have positive co-relations with the all factors of the CAA. In the two measurements, the secure attachment group showed a higher score in social adaptation than the insecure group. In the conclusion, the limitations of this study were discussed and the suggestions were made for the future adult attachment studies.
