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Validation of the Korean-Multidimensional Awareness Scale

Abstract

Decentering refers to the ability to objectively observe one’s thoughts, emotions, and sensory experiences. Existing measures of decentering have theoretical limitations and propose different conceptual components. This study aimed to validate the Korean version of the Multidimensional Awareness Scale (K-MAS). For this purpose, responses from 750 Korean adults were included in the analysis. The factor structure was examined using exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and exploratory structural equation modeling. Measurement invariance across age groups was also tested. Finally, convergent and discriminant validity were assessed by analyzing correlations with constructs related to decentering and response styles. Concurrent validity was examined based on correlations with difficulties in emotion regulation, depression, anxiety, psychological flexibility, and life satisfaction. The results demonstrated adequate internal consistency. A four-factor structure was identified as the best fit, and measurement invariance across age groups was supported. The scale demonstrated satisfactory levels of convergent, discriminant, and concurrent validity.

keywords
Multidimensional Awareness Scale, meta-awareness, decentered awareness, external awareness, exploratory structural equation modeling
Received
2025-06-17
Revised
2025-08-06
Accepted
2025-08-11
Published
2025-09-30

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