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ISSN : 2466-0787
This study examined the mediating effect of child-based self-worth on the effect of negative work–family experience on depression in working women with children. In addition, we attempted to determine whether this relationship is controlled by mentalization and to verify the controlled mediating effect of mentalization on the negative experience of multiple work–family roles in depression through child-based self-worth. We measured, 400 working women with children using online self-report questionnaires on the negative experiences of multiple work–family roles, child-based self-worth, mentalization, and depression scales. The analysis results are as follows. First, child-based self-worth had a partial mediating effect on the relationship between negative experiences of multiple work–family roles and depression. Second, the results indicated that mentalization showed significant moderating effects in the relationship between negative experiences of multiple work–family roles, depression, and child-based self-worth. Third, we verified that the controlled mediating effect of mentalization was not significant in the indirect path that affects depression through the negative experience of multiple work–family roles and child-based self-worth. Based on these results, the clinical implications of the mechanisms that affect depression in working women with children, limitations of the current research, and directions for future research are discussed.
The purpose of this study was to cluster the anger expression style and emotional clarity and identify differences in the degree of depression and aggression between the cluster. A self-report system survey was conducted to support this study. Respondents for this survey were 323 middle school students in Seoul and Gyeonggi region and the survey includes questions on the Depression Scale (CES-D), Aggression Scale(AQ-K), Anger Expression Scale(STAXI-K), and the Emotional Perception Clarity Scale(TMMS). A correlation analysis was first conducted to find out the relationship between depression, aggression, anger expression style, and emotional clarity. Then, a secondary clustering analysis was performed based on hair and black of survey respondents. This secondary clustering analysis was performed after standardizing the scores of anger control, anger suppression, and anger expression, emotional clarity. An ANOVA test and post hoc analysis were performed to determine the difference between depression and aggression among clusters. The main results of this study are as follows. First, both anger suppression and anger expression had a positive correlation with depression and aggression, and anger suppression had a negative correlation with emotional clarity. Depression and aggression were negatively correlated with emotional clarity, respectively. Second, the anger expression methods were divided into following five groups: Cluster 1_‘High Clarity-Low Suppression’, Cluster 2_‘High Clarity-Suppression and Regulation’, Cluster 3_‘Anger Expression’, Cluster 4_‘Low Clarity-Regulation’, Cluster 5_‘Low Clarity-Repression and Expression’. Third, the ANOVA test revealed that the Cluster 5 showed the highest depression and aggression than all other clusters and Cluster 1 showed significantly lower rate of depression and aggression than any other clusters. The significance and limitations of this study were discussed based on these findings.
Emotional reactivity(ER) refers to the trait of being sensitive, strong, and persistent in response to emotional stimuli. In relation to emotional disorders, the dysfunctional aspect of negative ER has drawn attention and studies have recently been conducted to identify the characteristics of positive ER. This study aimed to validate the Korean Perth Emotional Reactivity Scale(K-PERS), which measures positive and negative ER. A total of 1,109 cyber university students from three samples (A = 400, B = 348, and C = 361), participated in online surveys composed of the K-PERS, ERS, PAI-BOR, BSDS, ISS, CES-D, ALS-SF, UPPS-P, and SHI. Confirmatory and exploratory factor analyses were conducted to identify the factor structure of the K-PERS. Positive PERS showed a three-factor structure of endogenous, exogenous, and enthusiastic reactivity, while negative PERS appeared as a single-factor structure. Convergent validity was supported by the positive and negative PERS scores, showing correlations in the directions predicted by the ERS. Negative PERS scores were positively correlated with borderline personality, bipolar symptoms, depression, positive and negative urgency, affective lability, and self-harm behavior, confirming concurrent validity. Positive PERS showed positive correlations with present bipolar symptoms. However, it did not show correlations with borderline personality, affective lability, or positive urgency, and showed negative correlations with negative urgency and self-harm, suggesting that positive ER might be closer to a resource variable than vulnerability. The K-PERS showed good internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Finally, we discussed the mutually distinct characteristics of positive and negative ER and presented the limitations of the current study and directions for future research.
This study examined the moderated mediating effect of self-compassion through inflated responsibility on the relationship between trait anger and compulsive checking. The survey was conducted with 376 adult men and women aged 19-35 living across the country. The questionnaire included the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI-K), Padua Inventory-Washington State University Revision (PI-WSUR), Obsessive Belief Questionnaire-Responsibility (OBQ-R), and Self-Compassion Scale (K-SCS). Data analyses were conducted using SPSS 26.0 and SPSS PROCESS Macro version 4.0 for verify the moderated mediating effect. The results of this study can be summarized as follows. First, the correlations between all variables were statistically significant. There was a significant positive correlation between trait anger and inflated responsibility, and between inflated responsibility and compulsive checking. However, there was a negative correlation between self-compassion, inflated responsibility and compulsive checking. Second, inflated responsibility had a partially significant mediating effect on the relationship between trait anger and compulsive checking. The higher the trait anger, the higher the level of responsibility and compulsive checking. Third, self-compassion had a moderating effect on the relationship between inflated responsibility and compulsive checking. Fourth, a moderated mediating effect of self-compassion on the relationships between trait anger, inflated responsibility, and compulsive checking was observed. The implications and limitations of this study are discussed based on these results.
One of the three key elements of evidence-based practice (EBP) includes the expertise of psychological service providers. The qualifications that define these service providers determine the quality of evidence-based psychological services. In Korea, numerous private psychological service qualifications have been inadequately regulated, leading to the provision of non-professional and unethical psychological services to the public. This study aimed to examine private psychological service qualifications in Korea, analyze their specifics including service types and training requirements and compare their regulatory status and prerequisites with those in other countries. The findings revealed that qualifications in South Korea encompass a range of psychological services extending beyond psychotherapy and counseling and are designed to provide psychological services to vulnerable populations such as children and individuals with mental illnesses. However, most psychological service qualifications in Korea were found to specify insufficient education and training requirements, as compared to those regulated in other countries. These findings highlight the urgent need for the legal regulation of private qualifications and the formulation of comprehensive legislation for psychological services with the context of Korean mental health.
This paper aims to examine the potential impact of the Psychological Justice Act on the effectiveness and accessibility of public mental health services. Furthermore, it proposes considerations for enforcement ordina nces or enforcement rules after the Psychological Justice Act is enacted, with a focus on strengthening acc essibility. The scope of this review encompassed mental health services of the Ministry of Health and Welf are, non-Ministry of Health and Welfare, Seoul City, and Seoul Metropolitan Autonomous District. Among these, the analysis concentrated on face-to-face psychological services. Specifically, this paper focused on the subject matter, content, and personnel of psychological services, and identified underserved mental health v ulnerable groups to formulate a strategy for improving the psychological service delivery system. As the fi ndings of the review indicate, it is imperative for the Ministry of Health and Welfare's mental health proj ect to expand support for treatment costs and train mental health specialists and psychologists. The non- Ministry of Health and Welfare Mental Health Project needs a plan to improve the effectiveness of multi ministerial projects. Central and local government mental health programs should develop standardized guid elines for psychological services and formulate plans to vitalize public psychological support centers. Lastly, the implications and limitations of the paper were discussed.
For the past 20 years, mental health services in South Korea have primarily focused on providing tertiary prevention for individuals with mental illness. However, recent efforts have also been made towards primary and secondary prevention through activities like education, outreach, and screening for high-risk groups. The government has also announced plans to improve the national mental health screening, which is currently only conducted once every 10 years for depression. This study aims to evaluate the current mental health screening system and the upcoming plan set for April 2023, and offer suggestions for future improvements.
This survey was conducted to examine the public’s perception of psychological service-related bills that are not in Korea, to clarify the need for psychological service-related bills, and to further clarify the role of the Clinical Psychological Association. The survey was conducted online from August 20 to September 5, 2022, targeting adults aged 19 or older across the country, with a total of 710 respondents participating. The survey consisted of three areas: “Use of psychological services,” “need based on experience of using psychological services,” and “awareness of the psychological service system.” According to the survey results, 338 out of the 710 respondents had prior experience with psychological services, while the remaining 372 indicated no such experience. Many respondents said that they were willing to use psychological services in the future (75.8%), and the primary avenues for selecting psychological service providers were “recommendation from acquaintances,” followed by “internet searches,” “institutional connections,” and “contacting local universities.” The criteria for selecting a psychological service institution were primarily centered on the “possession of certificate,” followed by “service offerings,” “cost.” In particular, those in their 20s considered “service cost” the most, and those in their 20s may have a relatively low economic independence compared to other age groups, indicating that “service cost” has the greatest impact on the choice of psychological service institutions. “Counselor’s ability” was the most important factor when choosing psychological services, followed by “counselor’s qualifications,” “counselor’s experience,” and “counselor fees.” In the case of those with experience in psychological services, the “ability of counselors” was considered more important, and the “qualification of counselors” was also considered more than those who had no experience in using psychological services. Many respondents believed that “professionalism” was the most important thing for individuals seeking qualifications in the field of psychological services, and it was high in the order of “a respectful attitude toward clients,” “commitment to confidentiality,” and “morality.” Notably, 93.0% of the respondents agreed that a major in psychology should be a prerequisite for acquiring professional qualifications related to psychological services, and this consensus held true across all age groups.
This study investigated the staffing statistics of full-time employees at mental health improvement facilities and job requirements. Researchers conducted focus group interviews with practitioners to identify the role of mental health specialists. According to the results of data analysis, 38.23% of full-time workers at mental health improvement facilities were specialists, 5.12% were mental health clinical psychologists, and 61.77% were non-specialists with related certificates. In the job postings by the Korea Association of Mental Health Professionals over the past year, 40.70% of facilities sought individuals with certificates in clinical psychology, social work, and nursing, 30.97% required specialist certificates, and only 25.66% specifically requested mental health specialist certificates. According to the results of FGI, the common tasks included case management, services aimed at improving mental health, requests for administrative admission, assessment of legitimacy of admission, crisis intervention during emergencies, and training courses. The data analysis and FGI indicate that mental health specialists in mental health improving facilities, distinct from medical institutions, are typically engaged in common tasks. Researchers are hopeful that these findings will foster a deeper understanding of the roles played by mental health professionals and contribute to the development of a new system that encapsulates the professional identity of clinical psychologists.
This study aimed to gain a thorough understanding of the experiences of clients who had completed counseling at Seoul Psychological Support Centers. In-depth interviews were conducted with five clients from three Seoul Psychological Support Centers (East-Southern, East-Northern, West-Southern) to gain insights into their counseling experience. The interviews along with inductive analyses revealed that the clients sought counseling in Seoul Psychological Support Centers as the final exit from their invisible emotional distress. During the counseling process they found a safety haven for self-exploration and recovery, leading to a noticeable reduction in their emotional distress and an enhancement in their overall quality of life. The implications of these findings are discussed in the context of public psychological support system in Korea, highlighting how these insights can guide the future direction of counseling services provided by Seoul Psychological Support Centers.
South Korea needs to establish a legal system for psychological service providers. The importance of improving the qu ality of clinical psychologists by developing and applying an expert model that meets international standards has recen tly been emphasized. Clinical psychology is a field that provides psychological service practice based on scientific eviden ce, and obtaining a “clinical psychology expert” or “mental health clinical psychologist level 1” certificate requires a m inimum of a master’s degree and three years of training. Strengthening expertise through graduate programs is essenti al, and effective quality management is vital for producing adept professionals and providing qualified mental health se rvices at both national and community levels. This study examined the competencies and training processes required fo r clinical psychologists, focusing on the United Kingdom and the United States. We reviewed the accreditation system of master’s-level graduate programs to propose the guidelines for the domestic accreditation system for clinical psychol ogy graduate programs. In the United Kingdom and the United States, becoming a clinical psychologist entails a min imum doctoral-level education and comprehensive training to independently provide mental health services to diverse p opulations. Although the master’s programs offer relatively limited education, they similarly underscore ethics, diversity, and practical skills, akin to doctoral programs. Therefore, when imposing future accreditation systems for domestic gra duate programs, we suggest broadening coursework and implementing systematic practice in master’s programs to deve lop the competencies required of clinical psychologists. This should involve addressing concerns about the curriculum a nd fundamental improvements in the program structure, encompassing administrative and human resource aspects.
