Abstract

ADHD is a behavioral condition marked by challenges in completing everyday tasks and maintaining attention. Research suggests that ADHD traits are closely linked to emotional vulnerability, particularly depression stemming from negative self-perceptions. However, studies exploring secondary symptoms related to the core aspects of ADHD are limited. This study aimed to examine the sequential mediating effects of self-discrepancy—defined as the perceived gap between one's ideal self and actual self—and self-efficacy, or beliefs about one's abilities, in the relationship between ADHD traits and depression among college students. A total of 271 college students completed measures assessing ADHD traits, self-discrepancy, self-efficacy, and depression. Correlation and mediation analyses were performed on the collected data. The results revealed several key findings. First, ADHD traits were significantly correlated with depression, self-discrepancy, and self-efficacy. Second, ADHD traits had both a direct effect on depression and a significant sequential mediating effect: higher ADHD traits increased self-discrepancy, which reduced self-efficacy and subsequently heightened depressive symptoms. These findings indicate that psychological interventions aimed at reducing depression in individuals with ADHD traits should focus on minimizing the gap between the actual self and the ideal self, while also enhancing self-efficacy. Specifically, interventions that involve setting achievable goals and providing gradual mastery experiences may strengthen beliefs in one's capabilities and serve as effective strategies for alleviating emotional difficulties.