Performance Evaluation of Hybrid Sludge Fuel Made from Sewage  Sludge and Spent Coffee Grounds

OH Yun-seok; KWON Woo-Taeg; KIM Young-Nam; NOH Sung-Il; KANG Jong-kyu; CHO Sung-Gyun; KIM Hyo-jun; LIM Se-jun; PARK Seung-bin; KWON Lee-Seung

doi:10.13106/jwmap.2026.vol9.no1.143

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E-ISSN2586-6036
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E-ISSN : 2586-6036

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Vol.9 No.1

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Performance Evaluation of Hybrid Sludge Fuel Made from Sewage Sludge and Spent Coffee Grounds

웰빙융합연구 / Journal of Wellbeing Management and Applied Psychology, (E)2586-6036

2026, v.9 no.1, pp.143-153

https://doi.org/10.13106/jwmap.2026.vol9.no1.143

Yun-seok OH (HMT CO., LTD)
Woo-Taeg KWON (Eulji University)
Young-Nam KIM (HMT CO., LTD)
Sung-Il NOH (FINETECH CO., LTD)
Jong-kyu KANG (HM TEC CO., LTD)
Sung-Gyun CHO (HMT CO., LTD)
Hyo-jun KIM (HMT CO., LTD)
Se-jun LIM (HMT CO., LTD)
Seung-bin PARK (HMT CO., LTD)
Lee-Seung KWON (Eulji University)

OH, Y., KWON, W., KIM, Y., NOH, S., KANG, J., CHO, S., KIM, H., LIM, S., PARK, S., & KWON, L. (2026). . , 9(1), 143-153, https://doi.org/10.13106/jwmap.2026.vol9.no1.143

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Abstract

Purpose: This study aims to evaluate the performance of a hybrid biofuel composed of sewage sludge (SS) and spent coffee grounds (SCG), focusing on energy efficiency, drying kinetics, fuel quality, and odor reduction. Research Design & Data: A pilot-scale, low-temperature heat pump drying system equipped with a variable-speed compressor was used to process a 90:10 SS–SCG mixture. Key metrics assessed included final moisture content, specific energy consumption (SEC), lower heating value (LHV), volatile solids content, and odor dilution-to-threshold ratio. Results: The optimal performance was achieved at 160 Hz compressor frequency, resulting in a final moisture content of 5.1% and the lowest SEC (0.582 kWh/kg-H₂O). The hybrid fuel exhibited an LHV of 3,394 kcal/kg and volatile solids content of 66.8%, surpassing standard thresholds for solid recovered fuels. Odor emissions were significantly reduced by 98.8%, from 24,548 to 300 D/T units, due to SCG’s adsorptive properties. Conclusion: The integration of SCG into SS improves drying performance, enhances fuel quality, and drastically reduces odor, offering a promising pathway for renewable energy production and sustainable waste management. These findings contribute to the circular economy by valorizing underutilized organic residues into high-performance biofuels.