Abstract

Purpose: This study aims to quantitatively evaluate the fire hazards associated with gasoline storage tank leakage and to propose safety management improvement strategies using the PHAST process hazard analysis tool and the eCA accident consequence analysis program. Overflow accident scenarios at two logistics centers were analyzed to identify key factors influencing thermal radiation impact distances and to develop evidence-based safety countermeasures. Methods: A parameter analysis was conducted using PHAST 7.21 and eCA simulation programs to evaluate seven operational and environmental variables: liquid level, operating pressure, relative humidity, leak orifice diameter, ambient temperature, dike area, and ground surface characteristics. Two facilities of Company G—the C Logistics Center (250,000 BBL capacity) and the M Logistics Center (100,000 BBL capacity)—were analyzed under identical overflow scenario conditions. Results: The analysis confirmed that liquid level, leak orifice diameter, and operating pressure are high-impact variables that significantly influence thermal radiation distance. The eCA simulation produced consistently wider hazard impact distances—approximately 40–60% greater—than those calculated by PHAST. Additionally, winter low-temperature conditions increased impact distances by up to 50% compared to summer conditions. Conclusion: Based on the findings, safety management should shift from relying solely on fixed separation distances to adopting an integrated risk management system that incorporates real-time monitoring of critical parameters. This approach enhances the ability to prevent, detect, and mitigate overflow-related fire hazards in gasoline storage facilities.