Abstract

The present study aimed to validate the Korean version of the Five-by-Five Resilience Scale (5×5RS-K), developed by DeSimone et al. (2017), and to examine its factor structure within the cultural context of Korean adults. A total of 450 adults aged 19 to 64 years participated in an online survey, of whom 50 completed a two-week retest to assess temporal stability. An exploratory factor analysis was conducted initially to identify the latent structure of the scale. The results supported a five-factor solution consistent with the conceptual framework of the original measure, although some items loaded onto different factors than expected. The initial 25-item structure demonstrated inadequate model fit in confirmatory factor analysis. Following item removal based on standardized factor loadings (<.50) and squared multiple correlations (<.40), the final model showed satisfactory fit indices (χ²=167.336, TLI=.905, CFI=.928, RMSEA=.070). Convergent and criterion validity were supported by significant positive correlations with the Korean CD-RISC (r=.683, p<.01) and life satisfaction (SWLS), as well as significant negative correlations with depression (K-DEP; r=-.546, p < .01) and anxiety (K-ANX;r=-.567, p<.01). The Standard Error of Measurement (SEM) was calculated at 3.45, and the test-retest reliability also demonstrated an excellent level of stability (ICC = .958). These findings suggest that the 5×5RS-K is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing resilience among Korean adults, while the structural modifications identified underscore the importance of re-evaluating resilience constructs within differing cultural contexts. Implications, limitations, and directions for future research are discussed.