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일반적인 인터페이스 사용성 연구들에서는 디자인이 단순할수록 사용이 쉽고 효율적이며 사용자에게 좋은 평가를 받을 수 있다고 주장해왔다. 그러나 너무 단순한 디자인은 지루함을 유발하고, 인터페이스 요소 간 구분이 모호해지게 되어 오히려 불편함을 낳을 수 있다는 주장도 존재한다. 따라서 어떤 형태의 디자인이 가장 옳다고 말하기는 쉽지 않다. 특히 기존 연구들은 단순히 구성요소의 수를 달리하여 단순성과 복잡성을 표현한 것과 달리, 스마트폰 환경에서는 화면 안에 담길 수 있는 메뉴의 수가 제한되어 복잡한 UI와 단순한 UI의 차이점을 단순히 구성요소의 수로 정의하기에는 큰 한계가 있다. 색과 그림자는 화면 내 구성요소들을 구분해주는 역할을 하지만 복잡성을 높이는 그래픽 요소이며, 메뉴의 깊이는 수행 과정에서 느껴지는 복잡성에 영향을 주는 요소이자 어플리케이션 유형에 따라 서로 다른 메뉴의 깊이를 지니고 있다. 본 연구에서는 이 세 가지 요소에 따라 지각된 단순성이 달라지는지 확인하고, 수행의 효율성에도 영향을 미치는지 객관적으로 측정하기 위해 아이트래커를 활용, 수행 시간과 더불어 참가자의 응시 횟수와 도약 횟수를 살펴보았다. 연구 결과 수행 시간과 응시 및 도약 횟수에서 변인들 간 유의한 상호작용이 나타났다. 셋 중 하나 또는 두 가지 요소만 포함되었을 때는 수행 시간이 적게 걸리고 응시 및 도약이 적어 효율적인 수행을 보였으나 색, 그림자, 메뉴의 깊이가 모두 높은 수준이거나 모두 낮은 수준일 때는 수행 지표가 비효율적으로 나타났다. 즉 복잡성을 높일 수 있는 요소들은 화면 내 자극들의 구분을 도와 효율적으로 수행할 수 있도록 유도하는 역할을 하지만, 이 요소들 많을 때는 오히려 복잡성을 높여 수행이 떨어진다는 사실을 확인하였다. 특히 본 연구는 구성요소의 수를 디자인 단순성으로 정의한 기존 연구들과 달리 색과 그림자라는 디자인 요소를 중점적으로 하여 단순성을 살펴보았고, 실제 UI 디자인에 적용할 수 있는 실무적인 연구를 진행했다는 점에서 의의가 있다.
User Interface(UI) must be easy to understand, learn, and use for human-computer interaction. Most UI/UX researchers have demonstrated that the simpler a design is, the more effective use of UI is. But some researchers have argued a simple design may cause boredom and make difficult to distinguish between UI components if it is too simple. So, it is hard to say which one is better. Moreover, previous researches have used stimulus to differ the number of UI components in order to show simplicity and complexity of website design. It could be rather difficult to apply smartphone interface because it has a small display. Colors and shadows help to find target among UI components, but at the same time they increase perceived complexity. The depth of menu is also important for simplicity because smartphone applications have various depth. So, the purpose of this paper is demonstrate that various colors, shadows and the depth of menu affect perceived simplicity and task performance by using eye-tracker. The result shows that the effective performance were appeared in stimuli including either shadows or various colors. A basic type and shadow+color type lead to relatively ineffective performance because it help differentiating components but is too complex and distract attention from target. In other words, relation in simplicity and complexity is revealed U-shaped pattern. This study provide implication that various colors and shadows affect design simplicity and user's performance.
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