- P-ISSN 2671-8197
- E-ISSN 2733-936X
Political phenomenon can be divided into two dimensions: ‘politics’ that emphasizes the acquisition of compulsory power with which to dominate the people and ‘the political’ that focuses on the deliberative process in which to cooperate among social constituents. In the history of Korea, The Independent has established the modern public sphere and initiated the political as communication in the end of 19th century. Participants in The Independent maintained that the integration between government and people was indispensible for the building of an independent modern state. That integration needed three elements: the governmental rule by law, the enlightenment of people, and the public sphere like The Independent. In comparison with the Arendtian and the Habermasian idea of public sphere, however, there are some shortcomings. The Independent has regarded the people as too passive and lacked the harmony between law and morality.
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