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- P-ISSN 2671-8197
- E-ISSN 2733-936X
- KOREAN
- P-ISSN2671-8197
- E-ISSN2733-936X
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Enshrining the Sacred within Buddhist Images: Issues and Prospects
Korean Studies Quarterly / Korean Studies Quarterly, (P)2671-8197; (E)2733-936X
2015, v.38 no.1, pp.32-64
https://doi.org/10.25024/ksq.38.1.201503.32
Seunghye,
L.
(2015). Enshrining the Sacred within Buddhist Images: Issues and Prospects. , 38(1), 32-64, https://doi.org/10.25024/ksq.38.1.201503.32
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Abstract
The inner recesses of East Asian Buddhist images and their contents demonstrate the Buddhist’s perception of Buddha images, which is not entirely recoverable from analyses of formal characteristics or textual accounts of Buddha images alone. This article traces a historical trajectory of the interior adornment of Chinese Buddhist images with a focus on representative cases, while revisiting major issues raised in the past scholarship. Diverging from a unilinear perspective of cultural transmission, the present study comparatively examines the deposit space and contents of Chinese and Korean Buddhist images in light of the greater East Asian tradition of image making practice. Paying special attention to changes in the composition and location of deposits, I analyze deposit contents in their historical contexts in order to illuminate their religious and cultural implications. The practice of enshrining a relic within the uṣṇīṣa of Buddha images is thought to have been originated in Gandhāra around the first and second centuries and reached Central Asia and China by the third and fourth centuries through a medium of portable gilt‒bronze Buddha images. Material and textual evidence suggests that a new concept of the iconic body (Ch. xiangshen) emerged in the sixth century China. As the images’ inner recesses were used as deposit space, increased number of items of diverse sorts began to be enshrined therein. From the eighth and ninth centuries, Chinese Buddhist enshrined organ replicas within the inner recesses of Buddhist images. This practice seems to have correlated with the traditional Chinese medicine and Daoist notion of the body, as well as the making of flesh‒body icon, a newly emerged funerary custom for Buddhist monks. While the practice of enshrining organ replicas within Buddhist images was firmly established since the tenth century, some of the Song Buddhist active in the eleventh and twelfth centuries voiced dissenting opinions regarding this practice. The deposits found in the two Buddha images enshrined in the Sakyamuni Pagoda in Yingxian, Shanxi Province suggest that the Liao Buddhist held a distinctive view on the interior adornment of Buddha images. Taken together, this indicates that China, often considered to be a single cultural unit, was in fact composed of multiple cultural units of different regional traditions. The formation of Goryeo practice of image deposit (K. pokchang), which I preliminarily discuss in this article, is clarified only when the deposits of contemporaneous Chinese Buddhist images are systematically examined in the future.
- keywords
- image making practice, perception of Buddha image, enshrinement, iconic body, storehouse in the belly, 조상, 불상관, 납입, 상신, 복장
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