Abstract

Purpose: This study aims to investigate the causes of fire and explosion accidents in oil storage tanks and to propose preventive improvement measures using the PHAST (Process Hazard Analysis Software Tool) simulation method. By analyzing representative domestic cases—namely the 2018 Goyang oil depot fire, the 2021 Yeosu chemical plant explosion, and the 2025 Ulsan Onsan oil tank explosion—this research identifies common technical and managerial shortcomings, such as vapor leakage, vent system defects, and poor maintenance of flame arresters. Research design, data and methodology: The study applied PHAST simulations to evaluate accident scenarios under varying environmental and operational conditions, including gasoline release volume, atmospheric pressure, and wind speed. The simulation revealed that thermal radiation from a pool fire could reach up to 95 meters with a peak intensity of 20 kW/m², while a BLEVE could result in wide-area damage due to fireballs and overpressure effects. Based on these findings, the study proposes enhancements to monitoring systems, systematic inspection protocols, and on-site emergency response training. Conclusions: These integrated safety measures are expected to minimize damage and prevent recurrence. Future research should focus on incorporating emerging technologies and big data analytics to establish a more predictive and proactive risk management framework for hazardous material storage.