- E-ISSN2586-6036
- KCI
E-ISSN : 2586-6036
Vol.9 No.2
Abstract
Purpose: This study examined the technical basis and field applicability of an integrated microbial-chemical system for odor reduction in wastewater treatment. It focused on the functional roles of microbial agents, chemical assistance, and smart operational control in mitigating odor-generating conditions associated with wastewater and sludge handling. Research Design & Data: The study adopted a qualitative and technical analytical approach rather than a controlled experimental design. The analysis was based on project technical overview materials, product characterization data for BCP80 and STIMULUS, case-history documents including dosing schedules and field trends of H₂S and NH₄, and general scientific knowledge regarding odor formation, microbial degradation, urease inhibition, and process control. Research Results: The findings suggest that BCP80 primarily functions as a Bacillus-dominant microbial agent that may support organic matter degradation and process stabilization, whereas STIMULUS provides complementary chemical support through concentration-dependent urease inhibitory activity. Field-related materials also showed an overall decreasing trend in H₂S and NH₄ during the treatment period, indicating possible practical relevance under site conditions. However, these findings were not supported by controlled replication or statistical validation. Conclusion: The proposed integrated microbial-chemical system appears to be a technically plausible and potentially field-applicable approach for odor reduction in wastewater treatment. Nevertheless, its efficacy should be confirmed through future pilot-scale or full-scale studies with controlled experimental validation.
Abstract
Purpose: This study developed and pilot-scale evaluated a continuous treatment system for reducing high-boiling compounds and fine particles associated with adhesive and fouling-prone behavior in UV coating exhaust gas. Research Design & Data: The study combined material screening and pilot operation to assess adsorbent applicability, THC breakthrough behavior, fine-particle removal, differential-pressure development, and overall inlet–outlet particle reduction under continuous operating conditions. Activated-carbon media were compared using breakthrough behavior, and pilot-scale data were interpreted from an integrated engineering perspective emphasizing downstream protection and operational stability. Research Results: UV-LED pre-treatment delayed THC breakthrough and lowered the early loading imposed on the downstream adsorption-support section. Fine-particle removal remained higher and more stable with pre-treatment, indicating reduced transport of fouling-prone particulate matter to downstream components. Differential-pressure development showed earlier loading in the upstream pre-filter and a more limited increase in the downstream spherical activated-carbon filter, supporting the staged treatment concept. Inlet–outlet particle profiles in the field pilot system confirmed particle-load reduction under continuous operation. These findings support a field-oriented strategy for practical industrial application. Conclusion: The proposed continuous treatment system showed pilot-scale engineering applicability for simultaneously improving pollutant control and downstream operational stability in UV coating exhaust treatment, although long-term commercial-scale validation remains necessary.
Abstract
Purpose: This study quantitatively investigates the synergistic effects of deterioration depth and temperature changes on the durability and structural behavior of reinforced concrete (RC) structures strengthened with Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) sheets. It provides empirical evidence to address the limitations of current design standards that primarily focus on newly constructed structures. Research design, data and methodology: Experimental data from global literature were systematically reinterpreted to analyze correlations between deterioration depth, load-carrying capacity, temperature-dependent epoxy adhesion, and CFRP-concrete interfacial behavior. Regression analysis was employed to derive prediction models for strength reduction rates and to review failure mode transitions at various deterioration stages. Results: Structural performance decreased nonlinearly as deterioration depth increased; yield strength dropped by up to 35% in the 10–30 mm range. A quadratic regression model (R²=0.997) demonstrated higher explanatory power than a linear model (R²=0.989), confirming accelerated degradation. Beyond 30 mm of deterioration, interfacial debonding became the dominant failure mode. Furthermore, epoxy adhesion weakened sharply between 80–100°C, effectively nullifying the CFRP strengthening effect. In combined environments, performance degradation appeared as a synergistic rather than a simple additive effect. Conclusions: CFRP strengthening design must quantitatively incorporate deterioration depth, thermal impacts, and interface-oriented approaches. This study establishes a quantitative evaluation framework to improve durability assessment and design standards for aging structures.
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to test a well-being–career integration model that examines how self-leadership dimensions and sleep quality relate to career preparation behavior through self-efficacy and career decidedness among Korean university students in career transition. Research Method: A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 213 university students (74 males, 139 females; Mage = 23.5, SD = 2.8) recruited from multiple four-year universities in South Korea. All measures underwent psychometric validation through sequential exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and measurement invariance testing. Data were analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling with 10,000 bootstrap replications. Results: Twelve of fifteen direct-path hypotheses were supported, and all eight mediation hypotheses were confirmed. Self-leadership dimensions demonstrated medium-to-large associations with self-efficacy (β = 0.287–0.401, p < .001), whereas sleep quality exhibited significant negative associations with all career variables (β = −0.243 for self-efficacy, p = .002). The model explained substantial variance in career preparation behavior (R² = 0.684). Findings suggest that sleep quality represents a previously overlooked correlate of career development and that self-leadership influences career preparation primarily through cognitive mediation pathways. Conclusion: Results indicate potential benefits of integrating sleep health interventions into campus career counseling services. Longitudinal research is needed to establish causal mechanisms, and the findings highlight the importance of considering both self-leadership and sleep quality in supporting students’ career development during transitional periods
Abstract
Purpose: This study aims to develop a dual-path satisfaction model that conceptually distinguishes between individual satisfaction and community-level satisfaction in the context of multicultural festivals. To this end, it empirically examines how multiple dimensions of festival experience operate as antecedent factors shaping these two forms of satisfaction. Research design, data, and methodology: This study analyzed survey data from 233 attendees of the Jeju Mok-Gwana festival in South Korea to examine the relationships between their experience, benefits, and behavioral intention using the PLS-SEM method. Results: The festival experience is measured by education, escapist, esthetic, entertainment, cultural, and relational experiences in the context of the multicultural festivals interacting with each other. Results demonstrated that esthetic, entertainment, educational, and relational experiences are analyzed as having a positive relation to individual satisfaction, while cultural, relational, and educational experiences are related to community satisfaction. Both educational and relational experience has a positive effect on individual and community satisfaction. Although both experiences have positive relations with satisfaction, they have a more powerful relationship to community satisfaction. However, escapist experience has no impact on satisfaction. Conclusions: Well-designed festival experiences can contribute to generating long-term benefits of both individual and community satisfaction and fostering repeated attendance.
Abstract
This research seeks to formulate integrated risk mitigation strategies by identifying inherent risk factors specific to each construction phase of Modular Construction—the cornerstone of Off-Site Construction (OSC), which is increasingly adopted to enhance productivity and site safety. While modular construction yields positive outcomes, such as a reduction in overall accident frequency compared to traditional Reinforced Concrete (RC) methods due to shortened onsite work hours, it concurrently introduces unprecedented categories of major accident risks, particularly during the lifting of heavy modules and high-altitude assembly. To address these challenges, this study structuralizes the modular construction process into four distinct stages—Delivery, Lifting, Assembly, and Finishing—and identifies critical risk factors for each stage through a dual approach involving domestic and international case analyses alongside expert Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA). The findings indicate that the most critical risk factor in modular construction is the dynamic instability of modules during the lifting phase caused by center-of-gravity imbalances. Specifically, in cases of asymmetric modules where internal finishes and MEP (Mechanical, Electrical, and Plumbing) systems are concentrated on one side, a high probability of unexpected tilting was identified, which can lead to crane overturns or module falls. Furthermore, the assembly and jointing stages were found to be primary drivers of human casualties, such as falls and crushing accidents, due to frequent high-altitude tasks performed on module tops and within confined connection spaces. To fundamentally mitigate these risks, this study proposes a three-tier response framework based on the Hierarchy of Controls. First, as an Engineering Control, worker exposure to hazards must be inherently blocked by implementing BIM-based pre-lifting simulations and adopting smart equipment such as self-leveling spreader beams and auto-release hooks. Second, as an Administrative Control, the establishment of specialized and standardized lifting plans is required, incorporating Design for Safety (DfS) to integrate safety facilities from the design phase and the deployment of dedicated modular signalers. Third, as an Educational Control, workers' risk perception must be enhanced through cross-safety training between the fabrication factory and the site, as well as VR-based virtual safety experience programs for high-risk processes. This study suggests a paradigm shift in the safety management of modular construction sites—from a reactive approach to a proactive, prevention-oriented system centered on design and factory fabrication. The proposed mitigation strategies are expected to serve as foundational academic data for establishing practical occupational safety and health management guidelines for future modular projects.
Abstract
Purpose: This study proposes a compact, modular wet air-cleaning concept for industrial indoor air recirculation where intermittent PM2.5 emissions and localized CO2 buildup challenge ventilation-only control in space- and energy-constrained facilities today. Research design & data: The work is positioned at a pre-validation, conceptual-design stage and decomposes the system into air path, liquid handling, and operation/control. A three-stage P/M/F (Pre/Mid/Final) architecture couples cyclone-driven vortex flow structuring with impaction-based wet collection and retains an absorption-ready gas–liquid contact pathway. Embossed plate internals are defined as tunable elements to promote secondary vortices, wetting/contact opportunities, wash-down, and drainage. A fixed design basis (Q = 4,000 m³/h) is specified for fair stage-to-stage CFD comparison. Research results: A verification roadmap is defined from controlled chamber testing to field demonstration, emphasizing repeatability and then robustness under temporal variability. Stage-wise evaluation uses integral flow-structure and operability metrics: pressure drop, recirculation volume fraction, swirl indicators, RTD-based mean residence time, drainage stability, carryover control, and uptime-related failure modes. Field trials also document energy use, noise, deposit locations, nozzle condition, and component durability. Conclusion: Rather than claiming quantified removal performance, the paper provides an implementable architecture and a traceable pathway linking conceptual design to CFD refinement, staged validation, and eventual standardization.
Abstract
Purpose: This study investigates structural limitations inherent in the Self-Declaration Safety Confirmation System under the Korean Occupational Safety and Health Act and proposes a responsibility-centered institutional reform framework. Research design, data and methodology: Drawing on regulatory governance theory and structural path modeling, the analysis utilizes large-scale public data from 1,247 establishments (sourced from OSHRI) to examine how policy intensity influences safety outcomes indirectly through compliance and management mechanisms. Results: The findings reveal that ambiguity in responsibility allocation promotes procedural compliance and disrupts accountability continuity, leading to heterogeneous safety performance across sectors. To address these issues, an integrated governance model is proposed, incorporating clarified due diligence standards, joint accountability mechanisms, digital traceability infrastructure, and risk-based supervision. Conclusions: By reframing self-declaration as an ongoing regulatory relationship, the reform aims to enhance coherence, legitimacy, and sustained industrial safety outcomes. The study highlights the need for structural realignment to achieve preventive capacity in delegated safety systems.
Abstract
Purpose: A This study aims to enhance the effectiveness of disaster mitigation risk assessment in the context of the Serious Accidents Punishment Act, which emphasizes preventive risk management prior to accident occurrence. Despite this regulatory shift, existing risk assessment practices remain largely survey- and document-centered, limiting their ability to reflect actual workplace conditions and latent hazards. Research design, data and methodology: This study adopts a methodological research design rather than an empirical effectiveness verification approach. Prior literature and institutional frameworks related to Continuity of Operations Planning and Business Continuity Management Systems were reviewed, and disaster mitigation risk assessment reports commissioned by public institutions were comparatively analyzed using a baseline–reference case framework. An integrated risk assessment method incorporating workplace walkthrough inspections, a core component of risk management systems under the Occupational Safety and Health Act, is proposed. Results: The analysis indicates that risk assessments incorporating workplace walkthrough inspections demonstrate higher levels of hazard identification completeness, clearer identification of discrepancies between documented procedures and actual on-site operations, and stronger procedural linkage to corrective actions. Conclusions: These results indicate that the proposed method offers a structurally applicable framework aligned with the preventive intent of safety-related legislation, thereby strengthening preventive risk management and managerial accountability in disaster mitigation practices.
Abstract
Purpose: This study examines the relationship between social capital and self-rated health among older adults living alone and investigates the mediating role of depression. Research design, data and methodology: Using cross-sectional data from the 2024 Korea Welfare Panel Study (N = 2,060), we analyzed a nationally representative sample of adults aged 65 and older living in single-person households. Social capital was constructed as a composite index including trust, reciprocity, and social participation. Depression was measured using an 11-item CES-D scale (Cronbach’s α = .984). Hierarchical regression and bootstrapped mediation analyses were conducted while controlling for demographic and socioeconomic factors. Results: Social capital was positively associated with self-rated health and negatively associated with depressive symptoms. Depression was strongly associated with poorer self-rated health (β = −.353). Mediation analysis indicated that depression partially mediated the relationship between social capital and self-rated health (indirect effect = 0.075, 95% CI [0.051, 0.099]). Conclusions: Social capital is linked to better perceived health both directly and indirectly through reduced depressive symptoms. Strengthening psychosocial resources may represent an important strategy for promoting healthy aging among older adults living alone.
Abstract
This study was conducted with the purpose of empirically comparing and analyzing the reaction efficiency and cost-effectiveness of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃) and highly reactive hydrated lime (Ca(OH)₂), which are used as acid gas neutralizing agents in the Dry Reactor (DR) process of waste incineration facilities. The subjects of the study were selected from four incineration facilities at industrial sites with similar incineration capacities and air pollution control facility configurations. Based on actual operating data, the amount of neutralizing agents used, the amount of fly ash generated, and the amount of agents used in downstream wet scrubbing facilities were comprehensively compared. As a result of the study, an analysis was conducted by converting chemical costs, fly ash treatment costs, and wet scrubbing facility chemical costs based on the same incineration volume. The study found that the application of sodium bicarbonate resulted in a reduction of total operating costs ranging from a minimum of 9.1% to a maximum of 27.8% compared to slaked lime. This is attributed to the reduced load on downstream pollution control facilities and lower fly ash treatment costs due to the high reactivity of sodium bicarbonate. Therefore, it was confirmed that when selecting neutralization chemicals for the acid gas treatment process in waste incineration facilities, it is necessary to evaluate treatment efficiency by comprehensively considering not only the unit price of the chemical but also reaction efficiency, fly ash generation characteristics, downstream facility operating costs, and environmental impact.
Abstract
Purpose: This study aims to analyze how data center and cloud service disruptions can escalate into broader social disasters and to propose measures to strengthen the continuity of information and data communication resources through an improved Business Continuity Management System (BCMS). Research design, data, and methodology: To this end, a continuity assessment framework comprising seven analytical domains, including business impact analysis, risk assessment, utility protection, communication, and training, was constructed on the basis of the revised Corporate Disaster Management Standard. Using a comparative case study design, this study analyzes the 2022 Pangyo private platform data center fire and the 2025 Daejeon public data center fire. Results: The findings show that both cases revealed common vulnerabilities in the management of interdependencies among resources and in the verification of practical recovery training. The private sector demonstrated relatively high technical agility in the service recovery process, but governance linkages and inter-organizational coordination were limited. In contrast, the public sector had a more formalized response system, but empirical validation at the operational level of redundancy and resource failover procedures was found to be insufficient. Conclusions: This study concludes that digital continuity cannot be secured through simple technical redundancy alone and should instead be supported by an integrated BCMS that combines infrastructure resilience, utility protection, governance coordination, and crisis communication across both the public and private sectors. These findings provide practical implications for strengthening continuity planning in digital service environments.
Abstract
Purpose: This exploratory study developed and provided initial validation evidence for the Korean Stowell-based Coaching Leadership Scale (K-SCLS), a 16-item instrument measuring coaching leadership in Korean SMEs, while examining the structural nature of coaching leadership dimensionality through a Multi-Level Integration Framework. Method: A sample of 300 SME employees (Mage = 20s–60s; male = 51.3%) completed an initial 22-item instrument refined to 16 items via exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. A split-half cross-validation (n₁ = n₂ = 150) addressed same-sample EFA-CFA concerns. Bifactor modeling, hierarchical CFA, and sequential measurement invariance testing were employed alongside HTMT-based discriminant validity analysis. Results: Cross-validation confirmed item selection stability (87.5% correspondence) and replicated the four-factor structure in an independent subsample (CFI = 1.000, RMSEA = 0.000). The correlated four-factor model demonstrated excellent fit (CFI = 1.000, RMSEA = 0.008; α = .938–.949; AVE = .822–.843). Bifactor modeling revealed a dominant general coaching leadership factor accounting for 90.1% of common variance (ECV = .901; ωH = .958), with negligible specific factor contributions (ωS = .041–.172). HTMT ratios (.843–.933) and interfactor correlations (.845–.943) indicated subfactors were not empirically distinct. Full measurement invariance across gender was achieved (scalar ΔCFI = 0.000). Conclusion: These findings reconceptualize the K-SCLS as a bifactor-structured instrument wherein four content domains reflect a superordinate general construct, reframing two decades of discriminant validity failures as a substantively meaningful integration phenomenon theoretically consistent with Korean cultural constructs including jeong, woori consciousness, and chemyon. Residual common method variance (43.0%) and the single-source design necessitate multi-source replication.
Abstract
Purpose: Particulate matter (PM) has been reported to affect human health and disease, as well as a wide range of industries. Several studies have shown its impact on the distribution industry affecting consumption patterns and sales. Various techniques have been used to identify the sources of these PMs. Stable isotopes ratio (SIR) has been applied in various fields including chemistry, ecology, environment, and food. Especially in environmental science fields, they have been used to track sources of water or air pollution. This study was carried out to examine the origin/source of PM in the atmosphere over Seoul Metropolitan. Research design, data and methodology: PM samples were collected from five different locations in Seoul, and stable isotope ratios of carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, and nitrate in PM10 were analyzed using an elemental analyzer-isotope ratio mass spectrometer. Results: These isotope values were compared with the data reported in the literature. The isotope ratio calculated in this study for each target element was within the range of reported values. Conclusions: The results revealed that δ13C and δ15N values obtained in this study were very similar to those of PMs collected in Paris. Based on the results, we hypothesized that a major emission source of PMs in Seoul might be combustion of liquidized natural gas. In comparison to other studies conducted during periods of high PM concentrations, the observed results are consistent with the hypothesis that pollution is primarily domestic stagnation in transportation and heating activities.
Abstract
Purpose: Despite the enactment of the Risk Assessment System (2013) and the Serious Accidents Punishment Act (2022), the occupational fatality rate in South Korea's construction industry has remained persistently stagnant, a problem further compounded by the structural vulnerability arising from the rapid increase in elderly and foreign workers. This study aims to identify insufficient implementation capacity among construction site supervisors as a central structural cause of this stagnation, and to derive evidence-based improvement strategies through comparative institutional analysis with advanced economies. Research Design/Methods: As a policy-oriented comparative study grounded in Comparative Institutional Analysis, this research examines the supervisory frameworks of South Korea, the United Kingdom, the United States, Germany, and Singapore across three analytical dimensions: (1) qualification and training systems, (2) legal penalty levels, and (3) the practical exercise of the right to stop work. The core concept of implementation capacity is operationalized through five sub-dimensions: knowledge, technical skills, authority, organizational support, and communication competency. Results: Countries with comparatively lower occupational fatality rates consistently exhibit competency-based qualification systems, effective legal sanctions, and a substantively exercised right to stop work. Under Singapore's bizSAFE and BCSS frameworks, a fatality rate of 0.12‰ per 10,000 workers is observed — approximately one-third of South Korea's rate of 0.39‰. By contrast, South Korea demonstrates clear structural limitations: a mandatory training requirement of only 16 hours per year that is predominantly theoretical, administrative fines capped at KRW 5 million, and a right to stop work that is largely nominal in practice. Conclusions: Five core policies are proposed to address the three identified institutional gaps: (1) introduction of a national qualification certification system for construction supervisors, benchmarked against Singapore's BCSS model; (2) reform of training toward field-based practice, with a minimum of 32 hours, at least 50% hands-on components, and tailored programs for elderly and foreign workers; (3) mandatory exercise of the right to stop work with strengthened legal protection for supervisors, drawing on Singapore's Safety Time-Out (STO) model; (4) modernization of legal penalty levels and institutionalization of adequate construction schedules; and (5) expansion of mutual safety incentive programs between prime contractors and subcontractors. This study seeks to contribute a policy foundation for South Korea's pursuit of OECD average fatality rate levels by 2030.
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to verify the practical effectiveness and sustainability of accident prevention through the introduction of video monitoring systems, such as intelligent CCTV and body cams attached to signalers/workers, in construction sites. In particular, this study aims to investigate whether the introduction of such technology increases workers' compliance with safety regulations and how this effect changes over time specifically, the occurrence and dissipation of the 'Hawthorne Effect'. Existing literature and data analysis indicate that while the introduction of smart safety equipment (CCTV, AI integration, etc.) significantly reduced site disaster rates (e.g., an average reduction of approximately 23%), the behavioral change effect induced by monitoring tended to decrease after a specific period (e.g., about 8 weeks). Furthermore, it was confirmed that if the monitoring system is combined with a 'punitive culture,' it can lead to adverse effects such as a decrease in 'near-miss' reporting and the concealment of hazardous behaviors. Therefore, this study, focusing on actual cases, utilizes pre- and post-indicators to suggest that monitoring systems can achieve sustainable and positive accident prevention effects only when utilized as tools for 'data analysis' and 'real-time feedback' beyond simple 'surveillance and control'.
Abstract
Purpose: This study aims to diagnose the operational status of special safety and health training for high-risk workers at construction sites, empirically analyze the impact of qualitative training factors on workers' safety behaviors, and propose effective improvement measures. Research design, data and methodology: A survey was administered to 365 workers and safety managers at 20 construction sites across the country. Descriptive statistics, reliability analysis (Cronbach's α), multiple regression analysis, and mediation effect analysis (Baron & Kenny's 3-step approach, Sobel Test) were executed using SPSS 28.0. Results: The operational review identified two major deficiencies: the practical difficulty of fulfilling legally mandated training hours and the repeated reliance on generic instructional materials disconnected from real site conditions. The empirical examination confirmed that training quality dimensions—namely content relevance, instructor expertise, and smart media adoption—exerted a significant positive effect on both training satisfaction and behavioral commitment toward safety. Smart media adoption via VR and mobile platforms registered the strongest effect on safety behavior change (β=.418, p<.001), underscoring the primacy of immersive, visually driven instruction. Conclusions: Drawing on these findings, this study advocates for the introduction of an IT-based Smart Safety Education System (S-SES) and the legislative institutionalization of micro-learning sessions tied to daily TBM (Tool Box Meetings). The outcomes are anticipated to offer essential scholarly and applied reference material for developing safety and health training guidelines that support a self-regulatory prevention culture at construction sites.
Abstract
Purpose: This study provides a culturally grounded conceptual reinterpretation of Korean coaching leadership by building upon psychometrically validated findings of the Korean Stowell-based Coaching Leadership Scale (K-SCLS) and examines how Korean cultural mechanisms shape leadership dynamics in SME contexts. Research Method: A secondary theoretical reinterpretation design grounded in selective literature review was employed. Drawing on a foundational validation study of 300 Korean SME employees (Lee, 2025), this manuscript critically examines the historical formation of Western coaching's non-directive identity and reinterprets the validated bifactor structure of K-SCLS through Korean cultural frameworks. Results: Four main findings emerged. First, Western coaching's non-directive principle is a historically contingent construct shaped by humanistic commitment and regulatory reinforcement rather than a universal imperative. Second, bifactor modeling revealed that the general coaching leadership factor accounted for 90.1% of explained common variance (ECV = .901), substantially exceeding Reise et al.'s (2013) 70% threshold for essential unidimensionality. Specific factor omega coefficients (ωS = .044–.157) fell uniformly below the .20 threshold, indicating that subdimension scores contribute negligible unique reliable variance beyond the general factor. Third, Direction Facilitation is reconceptualized as culturally adaptive structure provision operating through uncertainty reduction and collective reframing. Fourth, the near-unidimensional integration pattern provides a theoretically grounded basis for proposing horizontal and vertical peer coaching ecosystems as frameworks for future empirical investigation. Conclusion: Korean coaching leadership constitutes a near-unidimensional integrated construct whose subdimensions function as culturally inseparable facets of a holistic leadership orientation. Jeong, uri consciousness, and chemyon are proposed as theoretically plausible interpretive lenses for this integration pattern, and peer coaching ecosystems represent theoretically grounded extensions requiring empirical validation.
Abstract
This study examined the relationships among supervisors' coaching leadership, AI literacy, AI-contextualized perceived organizational support (AI-POS), and employees' innovative behavior in South Korean small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Using PLS-SEM with data from 429 employees, coaching leadership showed a strong association with AI literacy (β = .397, p < .001), while its direct association with innovative behavior was modest (β = .096, p = .047). Approximately 72.9% of the total effect of coaching leadership on innovative behavior was transmitted indirectly through AI literacy (indirect effect β = .258), indicating that coaching leadership functions primarily as an enabler of AI competency development rather than a direct driver of innovation. AI literacy exhibited the strongest association with innovative behavior (β = .649, p < .001). CFA results revealed that the instrumental and psychological support dimensions of AI-POS were empirically non-separable (inter-factor correlation = 1.000), and a unified AI-POS composite was therefore adopted as the primary moderator. AI-POS significantly moderated the AI literacy–innovative behavior relationship (β = .181, p < .001), suggesting that organizational AI support strengthens the conversion of AI competency into innovative behavior. Sub-dimension analyses were treated as exploratory given extreme inter-correlations among coaching leadership sub-dimensions (r = .929–.940, VIF > 10). These findings extend coaching leadership theory and the AMO framework to the AI context.
Abstract
As the domestic construction industry's dependence on foreign workers intensifies, this study aims to analyze the current state of industrial accidents caused by communication issues and propose effective safety communication methods to improve the situation. In particular, this study focuses on housing construction sites where pressure to meet deadlines and interference between work types are frequent, seeking to empirically identify key mechanisms that induce safe behavior in foreign workers. For this purpose, a survey was conducted on foreign workers employed at three housing construction sites in the Seoul metropolitan area, and correlation analysis and verification of the mediating effect of safety leadership were performed based on 98 valid samples collected. The main results of the study are as follows: First, 'lack of communication' and 'insufficient understanding of safety instructions' account for the highest proportion of causes for safety accidents among foreign workers, and the perception of accident risk was particularly low among Non-professional Employment (E-9) workers with low Korean language proficiency. Second, IT-based multilingual communication tools (AI translators, multilingual TBM apps) and visual-centered safety information (standardization of pictograms) were found to have a significant positive impact on compliance with safety standards and safety participation. Specifically, delivering detailed instructions using AI translation technology showed a greater influence on inducing safe behavior than simply installing signs. Third, the activities of 'Foreign Safety (TBM) Leaders (foreign communication specialists)' composed of skilled workers by nationality were confirmed to significantly transmit the process of converting communication satisfaction into practical safety behavior by building trust between managers and workers. The results of this study suggest that to reduce accidents among foreign workers, it is essential to establish a safety management system that combines the introduction of smart safety technology with human networks (safety leaders, communication specialists) beyond simple language translation. This can be utilized as basic data for establishing strategies for foreign worker safety management at future construction sites and for advancing site health and safety management systems.
Abstract
Coaching leadership showed a significant direct association with organizational adaptation (β = .546, p < .001) and a significant indirect association through psychological capital (β = .393, p < .001), thereby supporting a partial mediation pattern (VAF = 41.8%). Given the cross-sectional design, these relationships reflect predictive associations rather than confirmed causal pathways. Subdimension analysis revealed that respect and goal-setting/feedback served as core factors, while perspective change and belief showed limited effects. LPA identified three distinct coaching profiles (high, medium, low), with significant and large between-group differences in psychological capital and organizational adaptation (η² = .297–.528; all p < .001). The findings demonstrate that specific feedback and respect-based coaching leadership are associated with newcomers' wellbeing and organizational adaptation, with psychological capital serving as a key mediating variable. This provides practical intervention strategies for SME managers to enhance newcomers' workplace wellbeing.
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to present a method for establishing a scenario-based standard Business Continuity Plan (BCP) model to protect the core functions of educational institutions in complex disaster environments caused by climate change and digital transformation. Research Method: We designed a 7-step BCP standard process that reflects the specific characteristics of educational institutions by analyzing the ISO 22301 international standard and domestic and international disaster management guidelines. In addition, based on past disaster cases such as the Pohang earthquake, we constructed four core scenarios for natural, social, cyber, and health disasters to establish a Business Impact Analysis (BIA) and Recovery Time Objective (RTO). Results: By introducing an RTO grading system that prioritizes student safety and the right to learn, we have secured the capability to restore core operations within four hours, and through scenario-based response strategies, we have optimized resource allocation and strengthened organizational resilience against complex disasters. Conclusion: The BCP standard model proposed in this study can be utilized as a practical guideline to minimize gaps in educational administration and provide uninterrupted educational services even in the event of a disaster
