Korean Journal of Psychology: General
- P-ISSN : 1229-067X
- E-ISSN : 2734-1127
- Publisher : The Korean Psychological Association
- CCL :
Korean Journal of Psychology: General
- KOREAN
- P-ISSN1229-067X
- E-ISSN2734-1127
- KCI
Latest Articles
Vol.44 No.3
5papers in this issue.
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Applying Regularization Techniques to Address Estimation Instability in Structural Equation Modeling: A Frequentist Approach
ZINING HE ; Su-Young Kim
pp.131-161
https://doi.org/10.22257/kjp.2025.9.44.3.133
초록보기
Abstract
Structural equation modeling (SEM) relies on accurate model specification and appropriate data to ensure stable parameter estimation. However, in practice, these ideal conditions are often difficult to satisfy, leading to frequent issues with estimation instability. In recent years, regularization techniques have emerged as a promising solution to enhance estimation stability in SEM, drawing increasing attention in the field. Despite their potential, regularization methods remain unfamiliar to many researchers, and applying them effectively to address estimation challenges is not yet commonplace. This study aims to bridge this gap by providing a comprehensive overview of regularization techniques and proposing practical approaches for their application in the context of frequentist SEM. Specifically, we distinguish between regularized maximum likelihood estimation and regularized least squares estimation, outlining how each can be utilized to mitigate instability. We also identify key sources of estimation instability in SEM and explore how regularization can be applied in response to specific instability scenarios, offering corresponding guidelines for implementation. Finally, an empirical example using real data is presented to illustrate the full analytical procedure of regularized SEM. Through a comparative analysis with conventional maximum likelihood estimation under a condition of instability, we demonstrate the practical advantages and effectiveness of regularization approaches.
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Comparing Difference Score Analysis and ANCOVA in Pretest-Posttest Control Group Designs: A Simulation Study
Youngsoo Lee ; Hye Won Suk
pp.163-198
https://doi.org/10.22257/kjp.2025.9.44.3.163
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Abstract
Difference score analysis and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) are commonly used to evaluate treatment effects in pretest-posttest control group designs. However, the two methods do not always yield equivalent results and may produce biased estimates under certain conditions. This study conducted a simulation to compare their performance across various conditions. Factors such as group assignment method, score reliability, score stability, treatment effect size, and sample size were systematically manipulated. The two methods were compared in terms of estimation bias, Type I error rate, and statistical power. Under random assignment, both methods produced unbiased estimates, with ANCOVA showing slightly greater power. Under non-random assignment conditions, the results varied depending on the assignment mechanism. ANCOVA performed better under pretest-score-based assignment, whereas difference score analysis was more accurate under nonequivalent group designs. When assignment was based on true pretest scores probabilistically, both methods produced biased estimates. Additionally, score reliability and stability influenced the results within each assignment condition. These findings highlight the importance of considering group assignment and measurement characteristics when selecting an appropriate analysis method.
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Validation of the Korean Version of the SCOFF questionnaire for Screening Eating Disorders: A Study on Young Female College Students
Eunseo Park ; Junha Jeon ; Youngil Cho
pp.199-219
https://doi.org/10.22257/kjp.2025.9.44.3.199
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Abstract
The SCOFF questionnaire, developed by Morgan et al. (1999), is a brief screening tool widely used to identify individuals at high risk for eating disorders. Despite its international adoption, previous studies in Korea reported low reliability, limiting its applicability. This study aimed to validate the Korean version of the SCOFF questionnaire. A total of 300 female university students participated in exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and a two-parameter logistic multidimensional item response theory (2PL-MIRT) analysis. The results supported a two-factor structure (purging behavior and Body Image and Eating Cognitions) consistent with the Spanish and Iranian versions. The IRT analysis indicated that the questionnaire effectively identified individuals at risk for eating disorder symptoms, and the original cutoff score of 2 points accurately classified high-risk cases. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) with 120 additional participants confirmed the model’s fit. The scale were significantly related with eating attitudes, weight concerns, anxiety, depression, and self-esteem, establishing its validity. These findings support the applicability of the Korean SCOFF questionnaire for eating disorder screening and highlight directions for future research.
Hui Young Suh ; Shyuen Kim ; Jae Yoon Chang
pp.221-257
https://doi.org/10.22257/kjp.2025.9.44.3.221
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Abstract
Curiosity is a fundamental human drive, characterized by the desire for knowledge and sensory experiences that foster learning, knowledge acquisition, and socialization. In both individual and organizational contexts, workplace curiosity is increasingly recognized for its critical role, drawing attention from researchers and practitioners interested in its utility. Despite its conceptual and practical significance in shaping work-related outcomes, research on how curiosity operates in the workplace remains scarce. This study aimed to adapt and validate the Multidimensional Workplace Curiosity Scale (M-WCS; Kashdan, Goodman et al., 2020) for its use in Korean. The M-WCS conceptualizes workplace curiosity as a multidimensional construct comprising Joyous Exploration, Deprivation Sensitivity, Stress Tolerance, and Openness to People's Ideas. Two independent samples of Korean employees(Sample 1: N = 398; Sample 2: N = 320) were used for scale validation. Confirmatory factor analysis(CFA) with Sample 1 supported the four-factor structure of the M-WCS. Convergent and discriminant validity were examined in Sample 2, which was collected through a two-wave survey, by analyzing the relationships between the M-WCS and related constructs, including Openness to experience, Proactive personality, Problem-solving Pondering, and Burnout. Criterion-related validity was further verified through hierarchical regression analyses, using Job crafting and Voice behavior as criterion variables. The M-WCS demonstrated significant incremental explanatory power for Job crafting and Voice behavior, above and beyond control variables such as Workload and Perceived organizational support. The implications, limitations, and suggestions for future research were discussed.
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A Study on the Interaction of Safety Consciousness between the Powerful and Members of Korean Society with the Theme Condition Adjustment Theory: From the Sewol disaster to the Itaewon disaster
Sunyeol Lee
pp.259-285
https://doi.org/10.22257/kjp.2025.9.44.3.259
초록보기
Abstract
This study applied the Condition Adjustment Theory to examine how members of Korean society and the safety consciousness of the power class interact from the Sewol disaster to the Itaewon disaster by case(the Sewol disaster, the MERS infectious disease outbreak, the COVID-19 infectious disease outbreak, the Itaewon disaster, etc.). Specifically, we examined how the powerful in Korean society have responded to disasters and disasters that have occurred from the Ferry Sewol disaster to the Itaewon disaster. At the same time, we also looked at how the members' safety consciousness responded and interacted with the safety consciousness of the power class. As a result of the study, it was found that when the safety consciousness of the power class otherized members in danger, the members also otherized the power class. This mutual otherization created another form of transformed risk. In this study, it was considered necessary to exercise authentic leadership to respond to the needs and deficiencies of members in danger as a psychological method of controlling risk. It was also suggested that, in order for the ruling class to effectively address the risks faced by the social community, accidents and disasters should be recognized as matters of regime security and that the entire social system should respond with full force, based on goodwill aimed at meeting the needs and addressing the deprivations of those in danger. Finally, the limitations of this study and the direction of expansion of psychology related to risk response were described.