Journal of Wellbeing Management and Applied Psychology, KODISA Foundation

PDF Citaion Electrical and Optoelectronic Performance of a 610 nm OLED for Skin Wellness

Sang-Hyun HWANG ; Hae-Chang JEONG ; Sang-Geon PARK pp.1-7 https://doi.org/10.13106/jwmap.2026.vol9.no1.1

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This study investigates the effects of introducing a self-assembled monolayer with fluorinated terminal groups onto an ITO electrode surface on the interfacial characteristics and optoelectronic device performance of red organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Surface analysis revealed that the contact angle increased from 10.28° for the ITO device to 79.40° for ITO/PFDTES, indicating that the surface became hydrophobic due to the fluorinated terminal groups. UV-Vis spectrophotometry analysis of absorbance and transmittance revealed that the optical transparency of the ITO substrate in the visible region was maintained despite the PFDTES-SAM introduction, with no significant optical loss observed due to the SAM. Analysis of electrical and optical properties revealed that at the same operating voltage, the luminance of the bare ITO device was 1996.4 cd/m², whereas the device incorporating PFDTES-SAM exhibited a high luminance efficiency of 3259.55 cd/m². Furthermore, both current efficiency and power efficiency were confirmed to be approximately doubled compared to bare ITO. This study enhanced the electrical and optical properties of OLED devices by utilizing fluorinated SAM as a hole injection layer, presenting it as a useful interfacial engineering strategy for designing low-power, high-efficiency OLED devices in the fields of phototherapy and wellness.

PDF Citaion A Study on Risk Assessment of Leakage Fire in Oil Storage Tanks and Improvement of Safety Management

Su-gil KIM ; Seung-hyun LEE pp.9-14 https://doi.org/10.13106/jwmap.2026.vol9.no1.9

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Purpose: This study aims to quantitatively evaluate the fire hazards associated with gasoline storage tank leakage and to propose safety management improvement strategies using the PHAST process hazard analysis tool and the eCA accident consequence analysis program. Overflow accident scenarios at two logistics centers were analyzed to identify key factors influencing thermal radiation impact distances and to develop evidence-based safety countermeasures. Methods: A parameter analysis was conducted using PHAST 7.21 and eCA simulation programs to evaluate seven operational and environmental variables: liquid level, operating pressure, relative humidity, leak orifice diameter, ambient temperature, dike area, and ground surface characteristics. Two facilities of Company G—the C Logistics Center (250,000 BBL capacity) and the M Logistics Center (100,000 BBL capacity)—were analyzed under identical overflow scenario conditions. Results: The analysis confirmed that liquid level, leak orifice diameter, and operating pressure are high-impact variables that significantly influence thermal radiation distance. The eCA simulation produced consistently wider hazard impact distances—approximately 40–60% greater—than those calculated by PHAST. Additionally, winter low-temperature conditions increased impact distances by up to 50% compared to summer conditions. Conclusion: Based on the findings, safety management should shift from relying solely on fixed separation distances to adopting an integrated risk management system that incorporates real-time monitoring of critical parameters. This approach enhances the ability to prevent, detect, and mitigate overflow-related fire hazards in gasoline storage facilities.

PDF Citaion A Study on the Electric Shock Risks of Automatic Wheel Washers in Construction Sites and the Mandatory Application of Earth Leakage Breakers

Dong-Hwa PARK ; Un-Gi JOO pp.15-21 https://doi.org/10.13106/jwmap.2026.vol9.no1.15

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Purpose: This study empirically analyzes the electric shock risks caused by the conventional use of molded case circuit breakers (MCCBs) in automatic wheel washers at construction sites and proposes institutional improvements to enhance worker safety. Research design, data and methodology: Field measurements of leakage currents were conducted in control panels of automatic wheel washers at construction sites in Daejeon, Republic of Korea. A TK-61L leakage current clamp meter was employed to verify the hazards of current MCCB installation practices under operational conditions. Results: Despite leakage currents reaching 1.07A (approximately 35 times the lethal threshold for humans) under specific fault conditions, the installed MCCB failed to operate, revealing a critical safety gap in current protection systems. Initial baseline measurements also detected persistent leakage currents of 3.80mA, indicating deteriorating insulation conditions. Conclusions: It is imperative to mandate earth leakage breaker (ELB) installation for wheel washer control panels and strengthen safety certification standards at the manufacturing stage to prevent electric shock accidents. Policy recommendations include revising safety certification requirements, updating construction specifications, and implementing IoT-based monitoring systems.

PDF Citaion A Study on the Effect of Real-time Online Safety Education Quality for Supervisors on Recommendation and Re-attendance Intention Mediated by Education Satisfaction

Won-Seok PARK ; Jang-Won LEE pp.23-32 https://doi.org/10.13106/jwmap.2026.vol9.no1.23

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Purpose: This study empirically investigates the structural relationships among quality factors of real-time online safety education—specifically instructor competence, system environment, and practical relevance—education satisfaction, and behavioral intentions, including recommendation and re-attendance intentions, for industrial supervisors, the key safety managers. Research design, data, and methodology: A survey was conducted on 530 supervisors who completed training at H educational institution. Data were analyzed using multiple regression, mediation verification, and binary logistic regression with SPSS 27.0. Results: The findings reveal that performance paths are differentiated by factors. Instructor competence strongly influenced satisfaction but affected recommendation intention solely through satisfaction, demonstrating a full mediation effect. Conversely, practical relevance did not significantly affect satisfaction but exerted a strong direct effect on recommendation intention. The system environment proved to be a foundational factor partially mediating the relationship between satisfaction and recommendation. Additionally, binary logistic regression indicated that a one-unit increase in satisfaction increased the odds of re-attendance by approximately 4.2 times. Conclusions: This research identifies that outcomes are dualized into an ‘emotional satisfaction path’ centered on instructor competence and a ‘practical behavioral path’ centered on practical relevance. Consequently, educational institutions should establish a two-track strategy: strengthening online teaching skills to enhance satisfaction for retention, while developing field-case-oriented content to promote recommendation.

PDF Citaion Optimal Greenhouse Gas Reduction Technology for Waste Incineration Facilities during the 4th ETS Plan Period

Jin-soo CHOI ; Woo-Taeg KWON pp.33-43 https://doi.org/10.13106/jwmap.2026.vol9.no1.33

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In the fourth compliance period (2026–2030) of the Korea Emissions Trading Scheme (K-ETS), greenhouse gas reduction targets have been strengthened and the proportion of auctioned allowances has increased compared to the previous period. As a result, a significant rise in allowance prices is widely anticipated, increasing the reduction burden on industrial combustion facilities, including waste incineration plants. This study aims to identify technically feasible and economically practical greenhouse gas reduction technologies applicable to waste incineration facilities and to determine optimal solutions considering capital investment requirements. The study analyzes the institutional framework of K-ETS, emission characteristics of waste incineration processes, waste composition effects, and energy recovery structures. Major mitigation options evaluated include low-pressure steam turbine power generation, carbon capture utilization and storage (CCUS), flue gas recirculation (FGR), and industrial heat pump technologies. The results indicate that emission intensity is strongly influenced by fossil-based waste fractions such as plastics, and that efficiency improvement and energy recovery technologies provide more practical short-term mitigation pathways than large-scale capture systems under current economic conditions. The findings suggest that technology selection for incineration facilities should consider regulatory structure, energy cost, and facility configuration rather than relying solely on theoretical reduction potential.

PDF Citaion Impact of Managerial Safety Failure on Physical-Technical Risk in Corporate Laboratories

Se-Jin MYUNG ; Yong-Han JU pp.45-51 https://doi.org/10.13106/jwmap.2026.vol9.no1.45

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Purpose: With the acceleration of the Fourth Industrial Revolution and the expansion of the Serious Accidents Punishment Act (SAPA) in 2024, the establishment of effective safety management systems in corporate research institutes has become critical. This study aims to quantitatively determine the impact of Managerial Safety Failure on Physical-Technical Risks (chemical, mechanical, electrical, etc.) using detailed safety inspection data. Research design, data and methodology: The study utilized raw data from detailed safety inspections collected directly from 100 corporate research institutes (N=100) in the metropolitan area in 2025. The core variable, risk level, was quantified using the Risk Weight Index (RWI) derived from the Korea Risk Assessment System (KRAS), applying differential weights based on hazard severity. Results: First, managerial safety failure showed a statistically significant positive correlation with all physical-technical risk factors (p<.001), peaking in Chemical Safety (r=.897). Second, hierarchical regression confirmed that managerial failure is a decisive predictor, explaining 80.7% of the variance in chemical safety risk. Conclusions: This study proves that the absence of a managerial safety system is a key leading indicator amplifying potential risks into actual accidents. Consequently, corporate safety management must shift from a 'paperwork-centered' approach to an 'on-site operational effectiveness-centered' paradigm prioritizing real-time hazard prevention.

PDF Citaion Impact of Risk Assessment (RA) and Permit-to-Work (PTW) Linkage on Public Construction Safety

Jin-Cheol JANG ; Yong-Han JU pp.53-61 https://doi.org/10.13106/jwmap.2026.vol9.no1.53

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Purpose: The 2022 enactment of the Serious Accidents Punishment Act (SAPA) was intended to pivot South Korea’s construction industry toward a self-regulatory safety paradigm; yet, the persistence of conventional accidents remains a sobering reality. Research design, data and methodology: This research addresses this gap by examining the empirical effectiveness of systematically aligning Risk Assessment (RA) and Permit to Work (PTW) systems as a proactive strategy to mitigate recurring hazards. Drawing on a dataset gathered from 214 safety managers and Construction Management (CM) professionals in the public sector, the study utilizes Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis to validate hypothesized relationships. Results: Findings demonstrate that a cohesive RA-PTW linkage does more than just organize paperwork; it fosters safer and consistent behavioral patterns among workers, which in turn significantly elevates accident prevention performance. Crucially, results highlight the on-site monitoring function of CM personnel as a pivotal moderator that effectively bridges the inherent disconnect between administrative compliance and tangible safety outcomes. Conclusions: The study concludes that ensuring the efficacy of safety protocols requires moving beyond a mere bureaucratic veneer of integration toward rigorous, real-time field verification by CM experts. Ultimately, these insights provide a high-reliability governance framework for developing resilient safety management systems capable of thriving within an increasingly high-stakes regulatory environment.

PDF Citaion Improving TBM Communication Systems for Foreign Construction Workers

Dae-Ho KIM ; Yong-Han JU pp.63-69 https://doi.org/10.13106/jwmap.2026.vol9.no1.63

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Purpose: This study experimentally verified the effectiveness of an improved Tool Box Meeting (TBM) delivery system designed to mitigate safety risks stemming from language barriers among foreign construction workers. Research design, data and methodology: Involving 120 workers across five sites, the experimental group received a four-week intervention featuring native language support, pictograms, and designated safety leaders, while the control group received standard Korean-based verbal instruction. Results: Independent samples t-test analysis revealed that the experimental group demonstrated statistically significant improvements compared to the control group in understanding of safety knowledge (t = 5.42, p < .001), safety practice behavior (t = 4.89, p < .001), and TBM satisfaction (t = 6.13, p < .001). The intervention effect was most pronounced in satisfaction (Cohen’s d = 1.50), with Vietnamese workers exhibiting the most positive outcomes. Conclusions: These findings provide empirical evidence that integrating visual and linguistic support into TBMs meaningfully enhances safety compliance and understanding. The study concludes that the construction industry should adopt nationality-tailored TBM processes, supported by multilingual content and on-site safety leaders, to ensure effective safety management for a diverse workforce

PDF Citaion Improving Laboratory Safety Through Labee: A Design-Based Approach to a Self-Inspection Application for Researchers

Hee-Je BYUN ; Seo-Yeon JEON ; Gyu-Ri LEE ; Won-Mo GAL pp.71-78 https://doi.org/10.13106/jwmap.2026.vol9.no1.71

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This study presents the design and development of Labee, a self-inspection laboratory safety application aimed at enhancing researchers’ safety awareness and preventing laboratory accidents. Existing laboratory safety management systems are predominantly administrator-centered, limiting researchers’ active participation in identifying and managing potential risks. To address this limitation, this study proposes a researcher-driven safety management approach that enables voluntary and routine self-inspection. The study followed the ADDI process—Analysis, Design, Development, and Implementation—based on the ADDIE instructional design model. Domestic and international laboratory accident cases and existing safety management applications were analyzed to identify system requirements, after which a user-centered mobile application was designed and implemented. Labee provides checklist-based self-inspection, real-time feedback, result visualization, and personalized safety education, covering general, chemical, biological, mechanical, electrical, and psychophysiological safety factors. The findings suggest that Labee supports proactive accident prevention by encouraging daily safety practices and improving researchers’ engagement in safety management. Furthermore, the system demonstrates potential for expansion into a data-driven and AI-based predictive safety management platform, contributing to the establishment of a sustainable laboratory safety culture.

PDF Citaion Inter-Union Health Governance on the Korean Peninsula: A Risk Governance Model to Prevent Cascading Health Risk Transfers

Yulee SHIN pp.79-92 https://doi.org/10.13106/jwmap.2026.vol9.no1.79

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Purpose: This study aims to reconceptualize health policy as an integrated social safety and risk governance framework rather than a sector confined to medical service provision. It addresses the growing tendency of health risks—such as infectious disease outbreaks, healthcare access disparities, and systemic disruptions in essential medical services—to cascade into broader social risks affecting labor markets, welfare systems, public safety, and societal stability. Research design, data and methodology: The study adopts a qualitative, design-oriented research approach grounded in institutional analysis and normative policy design. Instead of empirical measurement, it develops a conceptual and institutional framework for integrated risk management, focusing on governance architecture, policy triggers, coordination mechanisms, and performance evaluation structures applicable to complex and high-uncertainty environments. Results: The analysis identifies four interdependent pillars of effective health risk governance: prevention of health-to-social risk transfer, integration of health and welfare policies to mitigate vulnerability among high-risk populations and regions, institutionalized coordination among health systems, disaster safety, public safety, border management, and local governance, and performance evaluation mechanisms based on social safety indicators rather than conventional input–output metrics. The results demonstrate that fragmented, sector-based health governance structures are structurally inadequate to prevent cascading social risks. Conclusions: The study concludes that these four pillars operate cumulatively as a unified governance architecture that enables health policy to function as a core infrastructure of health security and social resilience. It implies that health policy effectiveness must be assessed by its capacity to reduce social vulnerability and stabilize interconnected systems, providing a normative foundation for redesigning health governance beyond traditional administrative and medical paradigms.

PDF Citaion Conceptual Design of a Multi-Stage Wet Air-Cleaning Module for Industrial Indoor Recirculation

Woo-Taeg KWON ; Jin-Tai PARK ; Hee-Sang YU ; Seung KWON pp.93-104 https://doi.org/10.13106/jwmap.2026.vol9.no1.93

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Purpose: This study proposes a compact, modular wet air-cleaning concept for industrial indoor air recirculation where intermittent PM2.5 emissions and localized CO2 buildup challenge ventilation-only control in space- and energy-constrained facilities today. Research design & data: The work is positioned at a pre-validation, conceptual-design stage and decomposes the system into air path, liquid handling, and operation/control. A three-stage P/M/F (Pre/Mid/Final) architecture couples cyclone-driven vortex flow structuring with impaction-based wet collection and retains an absorption-ready gas–liquid contact pathway. Embossed plate internals are defined as tunable elements to promote secondary vortices, wetting/contact opportunities, wash-down, and drainage. A fixed design basis (Q = 4,000 m³/h) is specified for fair stage-to-stage CFD comparison. Research results: A verification roadmap is defined from controlled chamber testing to field demonstration, emphasizing repeatability and then robustness under temporal variability. Stage-wise evaluation uses integral flow-structure and operability metrics: pressure drop, recirculation volume fraction, swirl indicators, RTD-based mean residence time, drainage stability, carryover control, and uptime-related failure modes. Field trials also document energy use, noise, deposit locations, nozzle condition, and component durability. Conclusion: Rather than claiming quantified removal performance, the paper provides an implementable architecture and a traceable pathway linking conceptual design to CFD refinement, staged validation, and eventual standardization.

PDF Citaion Strengthening Data Center Resilience via Technical, Operational, and Institutional Policy Incentives

Young-Ju LEE ; Won-Mo GAL pp.105-111 https://doi.org/10.13106/jwmap.2026.vol9.no1.105

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This study analyzes the structural vulnerabilities of South Korea’s data center disaster response systems following repeated large-scale fires at the SK C&C Pangyo center and the Daejeon National Computing and Information Agency. The primary purpose is to propose multi-faceted improvement strategies across technical, operational, and institutional dimensions to ensure the continuity of essential national services. Utilizing a comparative case analysis methodology, the research identifies centralized infrastructure and formalistic disaster recovery operations as primary failure factors. The principal results advocate for technical advancements, including an Active-Active based continuous service framework and Battery Monitoring System (BMS) cycles shortened to under 10 seconds to enhance physical safety. Operationally, it suggests mandating automated failover response systems and regular real-world simulation drills assuming worst-case scenarios like total center destruction. Institutionally, the study proposes mandating remote backups through Service Level Agreement (SLA) standards and introduces a market-oriented policy incentive system that grants preferential points for government-led projects to encourage voluntary investment. These measures aim to shift disaster recovery from a mere regulatory compliance cost into a strategic investment that strengthens organizational digital competitiveness. Ultimately, establishing administrative compensation frameworks and prioritizing budget allocation for tiered disaster recovery implementation will secure national digital resilience and create a sustainable, proactive crisis management framework.

PDF Citaion A Comparative Study of Nursing Service Experiences and Perceptions among Urban and Rural Residents in Cambodia

Su-Mi OH ; Do-Young LEE pp.113-118 https://doi.org/10.13106/jwmap.2026.vol9.no1.113

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Purpose: This study aimed to compare nursing service experiences and perceptions of nurses between urban and rural areas in Cambodia, and to provide baseline evidence for improving nursing education and health workforce strategies. Research design, data and methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional survey design was employed. Data were collected through face-to-face questionnaires administered to 100 community residents from Phnom Penh (urban) and Kampong Speu (rural). The questionnaire assessed participants’ experiences of receiving nursing services, perceived roles and professionalism of nurses, and accessibility of healthcare resources. Results: The findings indicated meaningful regional differences in the utilization of nursing services and the perceived availability of nursing care. Participants in the urban area reported relatively higher exposure to nursing services and more frequent interactions with nurses, while rural participants experienced greater limitations related to healthcare access and service continuity. Perceptions regarding the scope of nursing roles also differed by region, reflecting variations in local healthcare infrastructure and human resource distribution. Overall, the study highlights persistent disparities between urban and rural settings in Cambodia in terms of nursing service experience and recognition of nursing functions. Conclusion: These results imply that policy efforts should prioritize strengthening rural nursing capacity, expanding access to basic nursing services, and establishing standardized nursing education and practice guidelines to reduce regional gaps and enhance quality of care.

PDF Citaion The Study on Color Cosmetics Purchase Utilizing Online and Offline Channels by the Generation Zalpha

Min-Ha PARK ; Young-Jin SO pp.119-130 https://doi.org/10.13106/jwmap.2026.vol9.no1.119

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Purpose: This study investigated the status of online and offline color cosmetic purchases among 324 members of the "Zalpha" generation (aged 15 to 30). Research design, data and methodology: The study examined demographic characteristics and purchase patterns of color cosmetics across online and offline platforms. Frequency analysis was conducted to identify the general characteristics of the subjects, and chi-square analysis (cross-tabulation) was performed to determine whether significant differences existed based on these general characteristics. Results: The analysis revealed that the Zalpha generation exhibited flexible omni-channel consumption characteristics, utilizing both online and offline channels simultaneously (p < .05). While social media (SNS) was the most prominent source of general product information, statistically significant differences were observed depending on the subjects' age, gender, and affiliation (p < .05). Generally, participants were found to obtain information on color makeup techniques through short-form content, such as Instagram Reels (p < .001). Regarding offline channels, Health & Beauty (H&B) stores were predominant; however, Daiso was confirmed to be significantly emerging as a new low-cost beauty channel (p <.05). Conclusions: This study confirms that the Zalpha generation demonstrates "smart consumption" patterns, strategically utilizing online and offline channels based on personal color trends and short-form media. In particular, the growth of cost-effective channels such as Daiso suggests that practical beauty consumption is becoming increasingly reinforced within the Zalpha generation.

PDF Citaion Influence of Middle School Students’ Perception of Parental Care, Intolerance of Uncertainty, and Self-Esteem on Stress

Do-Young LEE ; Hye Young SEO pp.131-141 https://doi.org/10.13106/jwmap.2026.vol9.no1.131

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Purpose: This study aimed to examine the relationships among parental care perception (PCP), intolerance of uncertainty (IU), self-esteem, and daily stress responses in middle school students, and to investigate the mediating effects of IU and self-esteem on the association between PCP and daily stress responses. Research design, data and methodology: A descriptive survey design was employed. Participants were 159 middle school students aged 14 to under 16 years recruited from City I, Korea. Data were collected using self-report questionnaires, including the Parental Care Perception scale (10 items), the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale–12 (IUS-12), the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and the Adolescent Daily Stress Response Scale. Data analyses included t-tests, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Scheffé post hoc tests, correlation analysis, and hierarchical regression analysis. Mediation effects were tested using PROCESS Macro version 4.1. Results: Parental care perception was positively associated with self-esteem and negatively associated with intolerance of uncertainty and daily stress responses. In hierarchical regression analysis, after controlling for gender and parent–child relationship variables, self-esteem emerged as the only significant predictor of daily stress responses. Mediation analyses indicated that intolerance of uncertainty did not mediate the relationship between parental care perception and daily stress responses, whereas self-esteem fully mediated this relationship. Conclusion: These findings suggest that adolescents’ perceived parental care reduces daily stress responses primarily by enhancing self-esteem. This highlights the central role of self-esteem in adolescent stress regulation. Interventions focused on strengthening self-esteem and promoting supportive parent–adolescent interactions may be effective strategies for managing daily stress among adolescents.

PDF Citaion Performance Evaluation of Hybrid Sludge Fuel Made from Sewage Sludge and Spent Coffee Grounds

Yun-seok OH ; Woo-Taeg KWON ; Young-Nam KIM ; Sung-Il NOH ; Jong-kyu KANG ; Sung-Gyun CHO ; Hyo-jun KIM ; Se-jun LIM ; Seung-bin PARK ; Lee-Seung KWON pp.143-153 https://doi.org/10.13106/jwmap.2026.vol9.no1.143

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Purpose: This study aims to evaluate the performance of a hybrid biofuel composed of sewage sludge (SS) and spent coffee grounds (SCG), focusing on energy efficiency, drying kinetics, fuel quality, and odor reduction. Research Design & Data: A pilot-scale, low-temperature heat pump drying system equipped with a variable-speed compressor was used to process a 90:10 SS–SCG mixture. Key metrics assessed included final moisture content, specific energy consumption (SEC), lower heating value (LHV), volatile solids content, and odor dilution-to-threshold ratio. Results: The optimal performance was achieved at 160 Hz compressor frequency, resulting in a final moisture content of 5.1% and the lowest SEC (0.582 kWh/kg-H₂O). The hybrid fuel exhibited an LHV of 3,394 kcal/kg and volatile solids content of 66.8%, surpassing standard thresholds for solid recovered fuels. Odor emissions were significantly reduced by 98.8%, from 24,548 to 300 D/T units, due to SCG’s adsorptive properties. Conclusion: The integration of SCG into SS improves drying performance, enhances fuel quality, and drastically reduces odor, offering a promising pathway for renewable energy production and sustainable waste management. These findings contribute to the circular economy by valorizing underutilized organic residues into high-performance biofuels.

PDF Citaion Needs and Educational Priorities for Core Nursing Skills in Clinical Practice: An Importance–Urgency Matrix Approach

Do-Yong LEE ; Su Mi OH ; Jiwon KIM ; Young-Jin KIM ; Min-Hee HEO ; Jin-Won NOH pp.155-166 https://doi.org/10.13106/jwmap.2026.vol9.no1.155

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Purpose: This study aimed to identify and prioritize core nursing skills required for clinical practice education in Cambodia and to inform improvements in competency-based training programs. Research design, data and methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted using purposive and snowball sampling. Data were collected from 82 stakeholders, including senior nursing students, practicing nurses, faculty members, and nursing education-related personnel. The survey instrument consisted of 11 nursing skill domains derived from domestic and international protocols. Skills were rated on a five-point Likert scale for importance, urgency, and applicability. Educational priorities were classified using an Importance–Urgency Analysis framework combined with an Eisenhower matrix. Results: Overall applicability of core nursing skills was high, but priorities varied across domains. Nutrition nursing, examination and monitoring, emergency nursing, and perioperative nursing were identified as high-priority areas requiring immediate and intensive educational intervention due to high importance and urgency. Other domains showed relatively lower priority, indicating feasibility for phased implementation and field-based learning. Conclusions: The findings suggest that current nursing practice education in Cambodia does not adequately reflect clinical demands. Curriculum reform focusing on high-priority skills, expanded simulation-based education, improved training infrastructure, and standardized guidelines is recommended to strengthen nursing capacity and improve quality of care.

PDF Citaion Development of KSCI Extended Index (KSCI-SMART) for Smart Safety Culture Diagnosis

Seung-Hyeon KIM ; Chan-Yu KIM ; Ha-Neul ; Won-Mo GAL pp.167-175 https://doi.org/10.13106/jwmap.2026.vol9.no1.167

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As the integration of Smart Safety technology into industrial sites accelerates, driven by the Fourth Industrial Revolution and digital transformation, the safety management paradigm is shifting toward a data-driven intelligent framework. While these advancements contribute significantly to reducing critical disasters, they also introduce new cultural challenges, including technological dependency, digital fatigue, and privacy concerns. The existing human-centered Korean Safety Culture Index (KSCI) faces clear limitations in diagnosing these evolving characteristics of a smart safety culture. To address this gap, this study develops the "KSCI-SMART" (KSCI Extended Index), which aligns with government policy directions and comprehensively reflects technology-based characteristics. Through an extensive literature review, an integrated model was designed by adding the key variable of smart safety technology while maintaining the original KSCI structure. This model multi-dimensionally measures workers' attitudes toward technology acceptance, system trust, and the establishment of a Data-Based Ethics Culture. The findings suggest that the success of a smart safety culture depends more on workers' trust than on technical performance. Consequently, this study proposes institutionalizing the "Declaration of Non-Punitive Use of Data" as a prerequisite for KSCI certification and mandating Digital Literacy education for elderly workers. These measures are essential for fostering a sustainable and inclusive smart safety environment in the digital era.