Abstract

This study examines the relationship between the implementation of the Serious Accidents Punishment Act and safety performance in public institutions, with particular attention to organizational capability, risk assessment, safety education, and safety culture. It also investigates the mediating role of safety culture in the relationships between safety-management factors and safety performance. Data were collected from 250 valid respondents, including employees of a public institution and workers from partner companies. SPSS 29.0 and AMOS 29.0 were employed for reliability analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, structural equation modeling, and bootstrapping analysis. The results showed that organizational capability (β=.28, p<.001), risk assessment (β=.32, p<.001), and safety education (β=.27, p<.001) significantly influenced safety culture. Organizational capability (β=.68, p<.001), risk assessment (β=.47, p<.001), and safety education (β=.12, p<.05) also had significant positive effects on safety performance. Safety culture demonstrated a significant positive effect on safety performance (β=.56, p<.001), while bootstrapping confirmed its significant mediating effects. These findings indicate that effective implementation of the Act requires an integrated safety-management approach that strengthens organizational capability, systematic risk assessment, safety education, and a participatory safety culture. Such integration can contribute to sustainable improvements in safety performance in public institutions.