Korean Journal of Health Psychology, Korean Health Psychological Association

PDF Citaion Interpretation Bias Toward Social Situations in Social Anxiety: Using Combined Facial and Vocal Cues

Se-eun You ; Jisu Choi ; Jae-Won Yang pp.1-21 https://doi.org/10.17315/kjhp.2026.31.1.001

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Abstract

Previous studies on interpretation bias in individuals with social anxiety have mainly used tasks that ask participants to interpret written scenarios or assess the emotional valence of facial stimuli. This study aimed to investigate the unique patterns of interpretation bias linked to different sub-factors of social anxiety by utilizing multisensory stimuli, specifically combining facial and vocal cues in social scenarios. Eighty-nine undergraduate and graduate students participated, completing measures assessing the cognitive (fear of negative evaluation) and experiential (social interaction anxiety) dimensions of social anxiety. In the experiment, participants first viewed an ambiguous social scenario, followed by simultaneous presentation of a facial photograph and a voice recording. The facial and vocal stimuli expressed either happiness or neutrality, resulting in four distinct conditions. Participants rated the perceived positivity or negativity of the combined audiovisual stimuli within the social context using a visual analogue scale (VAS). The results indicated a significant association between the cognitive aspect of social anxiety and a negative interpretation bias, particularly when neutral vocal cues were used. Conversely, the experiential aspect was linked with a tendency to perceived happy facial expressions as less positive. These findings impliy that interpretation bias in social anxiety is not a singular process. Implications of these findings for theory and clinical practice are discussed.

PDF Citaion Association between Social Capital and Clinical Severity in Patients with Neurocognitive Disorder

Seul Lee ; Hyun Woong Roh ; Sang Joon Son ; Chang Hyung Hong ; Jang Han Lee pp.23-42 https://doi.org/10.17315/kjhp.2026.31.1.002

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Abstract

This study examined the impact of social capital on the clinical aspects of patients with Neurocognitive Disorders (NCD) through the lens of cognitive reserve (CR). A total of 200 patients were categorized into three groups-low, middle, and high—based on their levels of social capital. Clinical aspects were assessed across cognitive, behavioral, and emotional domains, followed by Pearson’s correlation analysis. In the cognitive domain, significant differences were found in attention, language and related functions, memory, and executive functions as measured by the Seoul Neuropsychological Screening Battery 2nd Edition (SNSB-II), as well as in the total score of the Korean Mini-Mental State Examination, 2nd Edition (K-MMSE-2). Scores on the Global Deterioration Scale (GDS) also varied significantly among the groups based on social capital levels. In the behavioral domain, notable differences emerged in the Barthel Activities of Daily Living (B-ADL) and the Seoul Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (S-IADL) assessments. In the emotional domain, higher levels of social capital correlated with lower scores on the Korean version of the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (K-MADRS) and the Short version of the Geriatric Depression Scale (SGDS). Correlation analysis indicated that social capital was linked to overall clinical aspects, with the strongest correlation observed with depression in the emotional domain. These findings suggest that social capital is closely associated with the clinical aspects of patients with NCD and may serve as a protective factor for cognitive reserve. Therefore, it is crucial to recognize social capital as a significant predictor of clinical aspects and to promote intervention programs that enhance social capital.

PDF Citaion The Mediating Role of Loneliness in the Relationship between Trauma Subtypes and Posttraumatic Stress, Depression, and Emotion Dysregulation: Focusing on Victimization Trauma

Hyunsoo Cho ; Kyeongwoo Park ; Hyein Chang pp.43-62 https://doi.org/10.17315/kjhp.2026.31.1.003

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Abstract

This study explored the impact of different types of trauma-specifically victimization trauma, accidental/injury trauma, and predominant death threat trauma-on various mental health issues, with a particular focus on the mediating the role of loneliness. A total of 336 adults (169 males, 167 females) completed self-report questionnaires that assessed their experiences of traumatic events, loneliness, posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), depression, and emotion dysregulation. Structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis found that victimization trauma did not significantly predict PTSS, depression, or emotion dysregulation. In contrast, predominant death threat trauma was a significant predictor of both PTSS and emotion dysregulation. Additionally, mediation analysis revealed that the relationship between victimization trauma and all three mental health outcomes was fully mediated by loneliness. These findings suggest that the negative effects of victimization trauma on mental health manifest indirectly through loneliness rather than through direct effects. This study highlights the importance of addressing loneliness as a means to prevent and alleviate mental health issues in individuals who have experienced victimization trauma.

PDF Citaion The Relationship between Intolerance ofUncertainty and Anxiety and Depression in Early Adulthood: Emotion Malleability Beliefs and Rumination as Sequential Mediators

Hyerin Jo ; Hyein Chang pp.63-85 https://doi.org/10.17315/kjhp.2026.31.1.004

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Abstract

The study aimed to examine how beliefs about the malleability of emotions and rumination act as sequential mediators in the relationship between intolerance of uncertainty and the symptoms of anxiety and depression. The participants included 200 adults (100 males and 100 females) who completed online self-report questionnaires assessing intolerance of uncertainty, emotion malleability beliefs, rumination, anxiety, and depression. The findings revealed that emotion malleability beliefs significantly mediated the relationship between intolerance of uncertainty and both anxiety and depression symptoms. Additionally, rumination also served as a significant mediator in this relationship. Furthermore, both emotion malleability beliefs and rumination sequentially mediated the connection between intolerance of uncertainty and anxiety and depression symptoms. Based on these findings, the study discusses its theoretical and clinical implications, as well as its limitations.

PDF Citaion The Effect of Insecure Attachment on Somatization of University Students: The Mediating Effect of Self-Defense Ambivalence and the Moderating Effect of Passive Stress Coping

Minji Kim ; Hyunsook Oh pp.87-103 https://doi.org/10.17315/kjhp.2026.31.1.005

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Abstract

This study explored the relationship between insecure attachment and somatization among university students, emphasizing the mediating role of self-defense ambivalence and the moderating effect of passive stress coping. A total of 280 university students participated in the survey, using several instruments: the Korean version of the Mental Health Screening Questionnaire, the Adult Attachment Scale, the Korean version of the Ambivalence over Emotional Expression Scale, and the Stress Coping Scale. Data were analyzed with SPSS 28.0 and the SPSS PROCESS Macro version 4.0. The results indicated that insecure attachment significantly influenced both self-defense ambivalence and somatization, with self-defense ambivalence fully mediating the relationship between the two. Furthermore, passive coping moderated the connection between self-defense ambivalence and somatization, and the moderated mediation model produced significant findings. These results suggest that interventions aimed at training coping strategies in stressful situations may be crucial for preventing and alleviating somatic symptoms in short-term counseling and clinical contexts. The research findings were discussed in terms of their application to clinical settings addressing somatization symptoms.

PDF Citaion The Effect of Vulnerable Narcissism on Loneliness: The Mediating Effects of Anger Suppression and Self-Silencing

Sohyeon Park ; Kyoungin Kwon pp.105-125 https://doi.org/10.17315/kjhp.2026.31.1.006

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Abstract

This study aimed to explore the mediating effects of anger suppression and self-silencing on the relationship between vulnerable narcissism and loneliness. To achieve this, an online survey was conducted with 443 unmarried adults aged 20 to 39, ultimately retaining data from 419 participants for the final analysis. The research model was assessed using SPSS 21.0 and PROCESS MACRO 4.0 to examine variable correlations and mediating effects. The results indicated that vulnerable narcissism, anger suppression, self-silencing, and loneliness were all positively and significantly correlated. Additionally, while self-silencing demonstrated a significant partial mediating effect on the relationship between vulnerable narcissism and loneliness, anger suppression did not show a significant mediating effect. Furthermore, the study confirmed a significant sequential mediating effect of both anger suppression and self-silencing in the relationship between vulnerable narcissism and loneliness. These findings suggest that when unmarried adults in their 20s and 30s express feelings of loneliness in counseling, it is important to consider the role of vulnerable narcissism. In conclusion, the study acknowledges its limitations while providing practical implications for counseling practice and suggesting avenues for future research.

PDF Citaion The Multiple Mediating Effects of Dual Passion and Savoring in the Relationship between Behavioral Activation Systems and Bipolar Disorder Symptoms

Daein Lee ; Seong-Hoon Hwang pp.127-151 https://doi.org/10.17315/kjhp.2026.31.1.007

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Abstract

Sensitivity of the Behavioral Activation System (BAS) has been identified as a neurobiological vulnerability in bipolar disorder. This study aimed to investigate how dual passion and savoring function as mechanisms through which BAS contributes to bipolar disorder symptoms. Since BAS seeks rewarding experiences, it can manifest as a passion for activities individuals love. The outcomes of this passion can be adaptive or maladaptive, depending on how well it integrates with the self-system. When the pursuit driven by BAS becomes compulsive, it becomes vulnerable, preventing savoring and potentially leading to an increase in bipolar disorder symptoms. Conversely, when passion aligns harmoniously with the self-system, it may decrease symptoms of bipolar disorder by serving as a resource through savoring. To explore this relationship, 450 cyber university students participated in an online study, completing the Behavioral Activation System Scale (BAS), Passion Scale (PS), Savoring Beliefs Inventory (SBI), Internal State Scale (ISS) to assess current bipolar symptoms, and the Bipolar Spectrum Diagnostic Scale (BSDS) to evaluate past episodes of mania. Using the SPSS process macro model 80, our hypothesis was supported. We found that when BAS leads to obsessive passion, savoring decreases, establishing an indirect pathway that worsens bipolar disorder symptoms. In contrast, when BAS fosters harmonious passion balanced with other life aspects, there is a significant indirect effect that reduces bipolar disorder symptoms through savoring. The clinical implications of passion and savoring as new mediating mechanisms in bipolar disorder are discussed, along with the study's limitations and suggestions for future research.

PDF Citaion Life-Space Mobility as a Mediator of the Relationship Between Age and Cognitive Function in Older Adults

Jiwon Kim ; Minyoung Shin pp.153-173 https://doi.org/10.17315/kjhp.2026.31.1.008

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Abstract

Aging naturally leads to a decline in both physical and cognitive functions, which reduces life-space mobility (LSM). This decrease in LSM limits social participation and can increase feelings of isolation and loneliness, potentially accelerating cognitive decline. This study investigated the mediating role of LSM in the relationship between age and cognitive function, while also exploring differences based on gender. Data from 400 community-dwelling individuals aged 65 and older indicated that higher age is associated with lower cognitive function, with LSM partially mediating this relationship. Men exhibited greater LSM than women, and the significant partial mediation effect was found only in the male group. However, the differences in mediation effects between genders were not statistically significant. These findings underscore the importance of LSM as a social and environmental factor connecting age to cognitive function. To promote healthy cognitive aging in our aging society, it is crucial to encourage daily activities and foster a supportive community environment.

PDF Citaion The Mediating Effect of Sport Participation Motivation on the Relationship Between Self-Efficacy and Resilience in College Students

Myung-Chul Lee ; Min-Ji Choi ; Kyung-Hoon Han pp.175-189 https://doi.org/10.17315/kjhp.2026.31.1.009

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Abstract

The mediating role of sport participation motivation in the relationship between self-efficacy and resilience was examined among college students. A total of 112 students from a university in P city completed standardized measures of general self-efficacy, sport participation motivation, and resilience. Data were analyzed using SPSS 30.0 and Hayes’ PROCESS Macro (Model 4). Results indicated that self-efficacy was positively correlated with resilience (r=.37, p<.001) and significantly predicted sport participation motivation (B=1.12, p<.001). Sport participation motivation also had a significant positive effect on resilience (B=.16, p<.01). Bootstrapping analysis confirmed a significant indirect effect of sport participation motivation in the relationship between self-efficacy and resilience (95% CI [0.223, 0.347]), indicating a partial mediating effect. These findings suggest that higher self-efficacy enhances intrinsic motivation for sport participation, which in turn promotes resilience. The present study provides empirical support for the integrated psychological mechanism linking self-efficacy, motivation, and resilience, offering practical implications for the promotion of mental health and adaptive functioning among college students.

PDF Citaion The Effect of Adult Attachment Anxiety on Prolonged Grief in Pet Loss Survivors:The Mediating Role of Loneliness and the Moderated Mediation of Social Support

Haejeong Choi pp.191-211 https://doi.org/10.17315/kjhp.2026.31.1.010

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Abstract

This study investigated the mediating role of loneliness and the moderated mediating effect of social support in the relationship between adult attachment anxiety and prolonged grief among individuals who have lost a companion animal. A total of 360 adults aged 20 and older who experienced pet loss participated in the survey, which assessed adult attachment anxiety, prolonged grief, loneliness, and social support. Data were analyzed using SPSS 20.0 and the PROCESS Macro. The results revealed the following key findings: First, adult attachment anxiety positively influenced prolonged grief. Second, adult attachment anxiety was a significant predictor of loneliness. Third, loneliness was found to positively impact prolonged grief. Fourth, loneliness partially mediated the relationship between adult attachment anxiety and prolonged grief. Finally, social support was confirmed to have a moderated mediating effect on the link between adult attachment anxiety and prolonged grief. These findings indicate that loneliness stemming from adult attachment anxiety is a predictor of prolonged grief, while social support plays a vital role in alleviating this grief. Consequently, this study offers both academic and practical implications, providing empirical evidence to inform the development of intervention strategies aimed at preventing and mitigating prolonged grief.

PDF Citaion The Effects of Online Self-Compassion Program on Social Anxiety, Fear of Negative Evaluation, Self-focused Attention in Female University Students with Maladaptive Social Anxiety

Minjoo Kim ; Jung-ho Kim ; Mirihae Kim pp.213-233 https://doi.org/10.17315/kjhp.2026.31.1.011

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Abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of an online self-compassion program on social anxiety among female university students experiencing maladaptive social anxiety. Participants included university students prone to maladaptive social anxiety, fear of negative evaluation, and self-focused attention. A total of 30 students were selected based on their scores on the Social Avoidance and Distress Scale (SADS) and were randomly assigned to either a treatment group (15 students) or a wait-control group (15 students). The online self-compassion program was administered over six sessions, each lasting 60 minutes and occurring twice a week. All participants in both the treatment and wait-control groups completed a pre-test, post-test, and a follow-up test three weeks later. The researcher utilized several measurement tools, including the Social Avoidance and Distress Scale (SADS), the Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale (B-FNES), the Scale for Dispositional Self-Focused Attention in Social Situations (SDSAS), and the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS). The analysis revealed that the treatment group experienced a significant decrease in scores for social avoidance and distress, fear of negative evaluation, and self-focused attention in social situations compared to the wait-control group, with these effects maintained in the follow-up test. Additionally, the treatment group showed a significant increase in self-compassion scores relative to the wait-control group, and this improvement also persisted at follow-up. Finally, the study discusses its implications and offers suggestions for future research.

PDF Citaion Validation Study of the Korean Version of the Certainty About Mental States Questionnaire (K-CAMSQ) in Counselors

JIWON SONG ; HANIK JO pp.235-265 https://doi.org/10.17315/kjhp.2026.31.1.012

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Abstract

This study aimed to translate the Certainty About Mental States Questionnaire (CAMSQ; Müller et al., 2023) into Korean, validate it with a sample of counselors, and assess its applicability in Korean counseling practice. The CAMSQ is a self-report measure that evaluates how clearly and confidently individuals understand their own and others’ mental states. Data were gathered through an online survey involving counselors in counseling and clinical settings, with responses from 317 participants analyzed. To assess the factor structure, reliability, and validity of the scale, we conducted exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, correlation analyses, and hierarchical regression analyses using SPSS and AMOS. The results indicated that the Korean version of the CAMSQ is best represented by a two-factor structure—Self-Certainty (SC) and Other-Certainty (OC)—which aligns with the original scale, retaining a total of 15 items. The full scale demonstrated strong internal consistency (Cronbach's α=.91), with subscale reliabilities of .90 for Self-Certainty and .89 for Other-Certainty. Additionally, construct and criterion validity were supported by significant correlations with mentalization, borderline personality features, personality functioning, attachment styles, and mental health indicators. These findings affirm that the Korean CAMSQ is a reliable and valid tool for assessing certainty about mental states based on mentalization theory. The scale may prove to be a valuable resource for research on mentalization, as well as for counselor training and intervention studies in Korea. Finally, the study discuss its implications, limitations, and suggestions for future research.

PDF Citaion Validation of the Korean Version of the Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder-Diagnostic Inventory (K-CSBD-DI)

Hanna Lim ; Chanhwi Kang ; Yewon Kim ; Hakyeong Lee ; Sungman Shin pp.267-285 https://doi.org/10.17315/kjhp.2026.31.1.013

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Abstract

This study aimed to translate and validate the Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder- Diagnostic Inventory (CSBD-DI), developed by Grubbs et al. (2023), into Korean. The CSBD-DI is based on the diagnostic criteria for Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder (CSBD), which was recently classified as an impulse control disorder in the 11th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11). A total of 403 Korean adults (202 males and 201 females; M_age = 46.1, SD = 13.44) participated in an online survey conducted by a survey agency. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the 7-item Korean version of the CSBD-DI (K-CSBD-DI) displayed a unidimensional factor structure suitable for the Korean sample. The internal consistency was acceptable, with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.73 and McDonald’s omega of 0.76. Convergent and discriminant validity were assessed through correlation analyses with the Problematic Pornography Consumption Scale (PPCS-K), the DSM-5 based Sex Addiction Scale (SAS), the Korean CSBD-19 scale (K-CSBD-19), the Korean version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (K-CES-D), and the Suicide Ideation Attributes Scale (SIDAS), demonstrating adequate validity levels. ROC analysis for identifying high-risk individuals suggested an optimal cutoff score of 1 point. Lastly, the study discusses key findings, implications, significance, and limitations.

PDF Citaion Predictive Validity of the MoCA-CDIS for Dementia Progression in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment

Hansol Ji ; Jong-Sik Park ; Seung-Hee Na ; Hyun-Ji Cho ; Yong-An Chung ; In-Uk Song pp.287-305 https://doi.org/10.17315/kjhp.2026.31.1.014

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Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the usefulness of cognitive domain indices from the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)—including orientation, attention, language, visuospatial ability, memory, and executive function—in predicting dementia progression over a period of 2 to 3 years. The participants included 43 individuals with amnestic multiple domain Mild Cognitive Impairment (amMCI), 41 with MCI in Parkinson’s disease (PD-MCI), and 40 with vascular MCI (VaMCI). All participants completed the Korean version of the MoCA, and analyses were conducted using binary logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. The results indicated that language was a significant predictor of dementia progression in amMCI, while attention, visuospatial ability, and executive function were significant predictors in PD-MCI. In VaMCI, both language and visuospatial indices were found to predict dementia progression. These findings suggest that MoCA cognitive domain indices are valuable for predicting dementia progression, with predictive domains varying across different MCI subtypes.

PDF Citaion Validation of the Korean version of the Palatable Eating Motives Scale(K-PEMS)

Dae-Young Kim ; Sung-Doo Won pp.307-326 https://doi.org/10.17315/kjhp.2026.31.1.015

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Abstract

Emotional eating is the act of consuming food in response to emotional triggers and is closely linked to health issues such as overeating and obesity. However, current emotional eating scales in Korea primarily focus on eating behaviors associated with negative emotions, neglecting the various motives behind eating, including those prompted by positive emotions. This study aimed to translate the Palatable Eating Motives Scale (PEMS; Boggiano, 2016) into Korean and to evaluate its validity and reliability for assessing the diverse motives behind the consumption of highly palatable foods within the context of emotional eating. A total of 350 Korean adults completed the Korean version of the PEMS (K-PEMS). Exploratory factor analysis identified a three-factor structure with 19 items—Coping and Reward Enhancement, Social, and Conformity—that differed from the original version. However, confirmatory factor analysis affirmed the validity of a four-factor model, and the scale exhibited good internal consistency across all items and subscales (Cronbach's α=.764~.866). The K-PEMS showed significant correlations with the existing emotional eating measure (NEIEMS) and other relevant psychological variables, supporting its convergent and criterion validity. These findings indicate that the K-PEMS is an effective tool for comprehensively assessing various aspects of emotional eating in the Korean context, laying a valuable foundation for future psychological assessments and health intervention research related to eating behaviors.

PDF Citaion A Phenomenological Study of Firefighters' Experiences of Deliberate Rumination and Post-Traumatic Growth

Yun Hee Oh ; Hyun Sil Yoo pp.327-362 https://doi.org/10.17315/kjhp.2026.31.1.016

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Abstract

This study examines the meaning and structure of deliberate rumination experiences that promote post-traumatic growth in firefighters. We conducted in-depth interviews with eight active firefighters to explore their deliberate rumination experiences during their journeys of post-traumatic growth. Using Colaizzi's phenomenological research method for data analysis, we identified 35 formulated meanings, 23 themes, 8 theme clusters, and 3 core categories: 'confrontation,' 'coping,' and 'change.' The confrontation category included 'catalyst for challenge' and 'decision to challenge.' The coping category comprised 'cognitive coping' and 'emotional coping.' The change category featured 'mindset change toward adversity,' 'mindset change toward self,' 'mindset change toward others,' and 'mindset change toward life.' The relationships among these categories, enriched by meanings of 'temporality,' 'cumulative hierarchical stages,' and 'experiential modes,' constructed the experiential structure of deliberate rumination. Our findings have significant therapeutic implications, emphasizing deliberate rumination as a valuable psychological resource that can facilitate post-traumatic growth in firefighters.

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Korean Journal of Health Psychology